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Results emphasize starting PAC early in middle school and tracking outcomes through defined attendance and sustained attendance groupings.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/writing-the-story-of-transformation-results-of-sustained-participation-in-akrons-perkins-activities-central-march-2007/292785/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/writing-the-story-of-transformation-results-of-sustained-participation-in-akrons-perkins-activities-central-march-2007/292785.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Himbo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What outcomes did the study evaluate for PAC students?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study evaluated achievement (reading and math), attendance, and behavior indicators for Perkins students in 7th and 8th grades during the 2005/2006 school year.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were students included in the study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Students had to be registered at Perkins during 2005-2006 for at least 120 days and take the 2006 spring Ohio Achievement Tests for their grade level; only 7th and 8th graders were included.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How were PAC attendance and sustained participation groups defined?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Attendance groups were formed per school year as “Attended None” (0 times), “Attended Some” (1–15), and “Attended Frequently” (16+). Sustained groups combined the two years into LOW (not sustained), MEDIUM (some sustained), and HIGH (frequently sustained).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},292785,1789655600,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","John S. and James L.  \nKnight Foundation  \nWriting the Story of Transformation  \nResults of Sustained Participation in Akron’s Perkins Activities Central  \nAuthor  \nDebbie Shama-Davis, Ph. D., Kent State University March 2007  \nCommissioned by  \nJulie E. Tarr, Ph. D., Director of Evaluation, [tarr@knightfdn.org](tarr@knightfdn.org)[ ](tarr@knightfdn.org)[John S. and James L. Knight Foundation](John S. and James L. Knight Foundation)  \nAbstract  \nIn almost every area, students who attended PAC programs frequently over a two-year period had higher reading and math achievement scores and passing rates, better attendance, and better behavior. This was especially true for 7th graders, indicating the importance of students beginning the PAC program early in their middle school career.  \nKnight Community Included  \nAkron, Ohio.  \nSustainedAttendance Study  \nReportfor2005--2006 7th & 8th Graders  \nTracking Progress: Results of SustainedAttendance in PAC  \nPrepared By:  \nDebbie Shama-Davis, Ph.D.  \nBureau of Research, Kent State University  \n330-672-7918  \nMarch 2007  \nFocus  \nof Study  \nz This study examines achievement, attendance, and behavior indicators for Perkins students in the 7th and 8th grades in the 2005/2006 school year.  \nz This study attempts to determine the value of both frequency of attendance and sustained attendance over a two-year period (2004/2005 and 2005/2006) in the PAC program.  \nz For 7th graders, their 6th and 7th grade indicators will be examined.  \nz For 8th graders, their 7th and 8th grade indicators will be examined.  \nInclusion  \nCriteria  \nIn order to be included in the study, each student is evaluated according to the following criteria:  \nz Student must have been registered at Perkins in the 2005-2006 school year for at least 120 days.  \nz Student must have taken the 2006 spring Ohio Achievement Tests pertinent to student’s grade level.  \nz Only 7th and 8th graders were included because groups were formed based on sustainability in PAC over two years.  \nDefinition of PAC Attendance Groups  \nGroups were formed separately for each school year (2004-2005 and 2005-2006).  \nz “Attended None” Group: Did not attend a PAC activity at all during the school year.  \nz “Attended Some” Group: Attended 1- 15 times during the school year.  \nz “Attended Frequently” Group: Attended 16 or more times during the school year.  \nDefinition of PAC Sustained Groups  \nGroups were formed based on the combination of PAC attendance groups for the two years .  \n\n| SUSTAINED GROUP | Attendance Group |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 2004-2005 | 2005-2006 |\n| LOW (Not Sustained): Attended “None”at least one of the two years | None | None |\n|  | None | Some |\n|  | None | Frequent |\n|  | Some | None |\n|  | Frequent | None |\n| MEDIUM (Some Sustained): Attended “Some”both years | Some | Some |\n| HIGH (Frequently Sustained): Attended“Frequently”at least one year and at least “Some”the other | Some | Frequent |\n|  | Frequent | Some |\n|  | Frequent | Frequent |\n\nNumber of Students in Each Group  \n| Sustained Groups | 7th Grade | 8th Grade |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| LOW\u003Cbr>(Not Sustained) | 55 | 94 |\n| MEDIUIM\u003Cbr>(Some Sustained) | 27 | 20 |\n| HIGH\u003Cbr>(Frequently Sustained) | 66 | 14 |\n\nReports for 7TH Gradersand 8TH Graders  \nINCLUDED FOR EACH GRADE:  \nz Comparison of Sustained Groups on Scantron Scores in Reading and Math Tracked Over Two Years.  \nz Comparison of Sustained Groups on Average OAT Reading and Math Scores.  \nz Comparison of Sustained Groups on Percentages Passing OAT Reading and Math Tests.  \nz Comparison of Sustained Groups on Attendance and Behavior Rates.  \nAll results will be given first for 7th grade, then for 8th grade.  \nWhat is Scantron Testing?  \nz A measurement of individual performance in reading and math  \nz Students take tests individually online.  \nz Tests are Standards-based.  \nz Computer adaptive  \nz Test adjusts to the student as he/she proceeds.  \nz Test scores show growth.  \nz Scores can be used to make compariso","cbCainc6u8NebpnL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainc6u8NebpnL","pdf",1019893,41,"English","# Abstract\n# Focus of Study\n# Inclusion Criteria\n# Definition of PAC Attendance Groups\n# Definition of PAC Sustained Groups\n# Number of Students in Each Group\n# Reports for 7th Graders and 8th Graders\n# What is Scantron Testing?","[{\"question\":\"What outcomes did the study evaluate for PAC students?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluated achievement (reading and math), attendance, and behavior indicators for Perkins students in 7th and 8th grades during the 2005/2006 school year.\"},{\"question\":\"How were students included in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Students had to be registered at Perkins during 2005-2006 for at least 120 days and take the 2006 spring Ohio Achievement Tests for their grade level; only 7th and 8th graders were included.\"},{\"question\":\"How were PAC attendance and sustained participation groups defined?\",\"answer\":\"Attendance groups were formed per school year as “Attended None” (0 times), “Attended Some” (1–15), and “Attended Frequently” (16+). Sustained groups combined the two years into LOW (not sustained), MEDIUM (some sustained), and HIGH (frequently sustained).\"}]","Writing the Story of Transformation - Results of Sustained Participation in Akron’s Perkins Activities Central - March 2007 | PDF",103]