[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-270287-105":59,"doc-detail-270287-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","writing-an-abstract-summary","Writing an abstract summary","","Writing an abstract summary teaches how to condense an article into a compact overview that helps readers judge relevance quickly. It explains the purpose of an abstract, including what the research is about, why it matters, how it was conducted, what was found, and why the findings matter. Guidance covers drafting timing, selecting abstract types, choosing structured versus unstructured formats, and using concise, definite language with appropriate tense conventions and key terms.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/writing-an-abstract-summary/270287/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/writing-an-abstract-summary/270287.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Miles","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What should an abstract summary communicate to readers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It should state what the research is about, why it is important, how the research was conducted, what was found, and why those findings matter.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"When is the best time to start writing an abstract?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A complete abstract is written after the writing process is finished, but starting a preliminary draft earlier is recommended so ideas can be organized and revised multiple times.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do tense conventions differ in an abstract?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Context, purpose, and findings are written in the present tense, while methods and results use the past tense.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},270287,1789455321,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Writing an abstract summary  \nIntroduction  \nAn abstract is a condensed version of your article. It provides a reader with an overview of your project and allows them to assess its relevance. An abstract is usually brief: about 150-300 words for a journal article and about 500 words for a thesis.  \nPurpose  \nAn abstract tells the reader  \n• What your research is about  \n• Why it is important  \n• How you conducted your research  \n• What you found out  \n• Why these findings are important  \nPlanning an abstract  \nThe type of abstract you write depends not only on the discipline but also where you want to publish. There are thesis abstracts, research article abstracts, conference abstracts and so on. A complete abstract can only be written after the writing process is complete. However, it is advisable to start drafting your abstract earlier. A preliminary abstract may help your thinking about the topic and how you organise your ideas. This means you will amend your abstract several times.  \nWriting an abstract  \nWhen writing an abstract, you need to decide what type of abstract it is, what the word limit is, and if it is a structured or unstructured abstract.  \nContent  \nAn effective abstract will  \n• Summarise the article or thesis  \n• Tell a story  \n• State the argument or significance of the that argument  \n• Reveal the most valuable findings  \n• State the methods briefly  \n• Use clear definite language and avoid vagueness  \n• Include all the relevant key words  \nStructure  \nTo ensure your abstract includes the key components, you could approach writing it like this:  \n| Moves | Labels | Questions |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Background/context/problem | Why is the topic important? |\n| 2 | Present research/purpose | What is this study about? |\n| 3 | Methods/materials/subjects | What was done? |\n| 4 | Results/findings | What was the outcome? |\n| 5 | Discussion/conclusions | What does it mean? |\n\nAdapted from Swales & Feak (2009)  \nLanguage  \nTo ensure your abstract remains within the typical length expected, it is important to be concise and choose your words carefully. For this reason, key words and strong verbs are typically used to avoid vagueness (e. g. shows rather than attempts to) . In terms of grammar, the context, purpose and findings sections are written in the present tense, and the methods and results in the past tense.  \nDifferent types of abstract  \nThesis and research abstracts  \nBoth these types give a concise summary and are structured in the same way. However, the thesis abstract is longer, and aimed at a different audience (a committee who decide if you are worthy of a degree) . A research abstract is aimed at other researchers and a wider range of readers.  \nConference abstracts  \nThis is a standalone text ranging from 100-500 words, depending on the conference requirements. It is designed to help conference organisers decide if your paper will be presented at the conference. It also helps attendees decide if they want to attend your presentation.  \nGraphical or visual abstracts  \nThis is a single visual summary of the main findings of an article, allowing the reader to identify the article’s main message. It may include flow charts, graphs or images. It is added to complement, rather than replace, the written abstract.  \nVideo abstracts  \nThis introduces viewers to your work and emphasises why they should read your article, but will include similar components to a written abstract.  \nHighlights vs . abstracts  \nHighlights are typically a list of 3-5 bullet points that help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They communicate the core findings and distinctiveness of your research.","cbCaidd0D58F8IQb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidd0D58F8IQb","pdf",237574,"English","# Introduction\n# Purpose\n# Planning an abstract\n# Writing an abstract\n## Content\n## Structure\n# Language\n# Different types of abstract\n## Thesis and research abstracts\n## Conference abstracts\n## Graphical or visual abstracts\n## Video abstracts\n# Highlights vs. abstracts","[{\"question\":\"What should an abstract summary communicate to readers?\",\"answer\":\"It should state what the research is about, why it is important, how the research was conducted, what was found, and why those findings matter.\"},{\"question\":\"When is the best time to start writing an abstract?\",\"answer\":\"A complete abstract is written after the writing process is finished, but starting a preliminary draft earlier is recommended so ideas can be organized and revised multiple times.\"},{\"question\":\"How do tense conventions differ in an abstract?\",\"answer\":\"Context, purpose, and findings are written in the present tense, while methods and results use the past tense.\"}]","Writing an abstract summary | PDF"]