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Archivein 2022 with funding fromKahle/Austin Foundation  \nhttps://archive.org/details/wrestling0000wils  \nMike Wilson  \nPublished in association with The Basic Skills Agency  \nHodder &Stoughton  \nA MEMBER OF THE HODDER HEADLINE GROUP  \n073821  \n42862I3995y,2012  \nAcknowledgementsCover:Wil Hart/Allsport,Getly Images.  \nPhotos:p.iv ◎ Mary Evans picture library;p.6◎to come;p.12◎SPP/Rex Features;p.17 ◎Dave Allocca/Rex Features;p.19 Norm Betts/Rex Features;p.22Universal/Everett/Rex Features;p.25◎Anny Chettleborough/Rex Features.  \nEvery effort has been made to trace copyright holders of material reproduced in this book.Any rights not acknowledged will be acknowledged in subsequent printings if notice isgiven to the publisher.  \nOrders;please contact Bookpoint Lid,130 Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxon OX144SB.Telephone(44)01235827720,Fax:(44)01235400454.Lines are open from 9.00-6.00,Monday to Saturday,with a 24 hour message answering service.You can also order through our website www.hodderheadline.co.uk  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library  \nISBN0340871423  \nFirst published 2003  \nImpression number 10987654321Year20072006200520042003  \nCopyright ◎2003 Mike Wilson  \nAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmied in anyform or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or anyinformation storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher orunder licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited.Further details of such licences(for reprographic reproduction)may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing AgencyLimited,of 90 Tottenham Court Road,London W¹T 4LP.  \nTypeset by SX Composing DTP,Rayleigh,Essex.  \nPrinted in Great Britain for Hodder &Stoughton Educational,a division of HodderHeadline,338 Euston Road,London NW13BH by The Bath Press,Bath.  \nContents  \nPage  \n1 The Oldest Sport in the World12 Wrestling Rules  \n2  \n3 The First Wrestling Star4 Sport or Show-biz?  \n5  \n8  \n5 Wrestling Stars in the UK96 Big Daddy117 Wrestling is Sexy!138 Vince McMahon159 From 'The Hulk'to 'The Rock'1810 Divas2411 You Think it's Not for Real?27  \n# 1\n\nWrestling in the 14th century.  \n1  \nThe Oldest Sport in the World  \nWrestling is the oldest sport in the world.  \nThousands of years ago,  \nGreeks and Romans wrestled.Africans and North American Indians wrestled.  \nRichard the Lionheart,  \nKing of England (1157-1199)was a wrestler.  \nSo was King Henry the Eighth(1491-1547).  \nSo was Abraham Lincoln(President of the USA from 1860 to 1865).  \nBut when wrestling went professional,it stopped being a sport.It became entertainment.  \nThe oldest sport in the worldwould never be the same again.  \nWrestling Rules  \nWrestling has a historyin every part of the world.And in every part of the world,the rules of wrestling are slightly different.  \nIn Ancient Rome,  \nyou put oil on your body  \nto make it harder to pinch the skin,or get a hold.  \nNowadays,  \nit's illegal to put oil or greaseon your body.  \nIn the Greek and Roman rules-that some still apply today-you must not hold below the waist.  \nIn America,  \nwrestling is more 'freestyle’.Holds below the waistand holds round the neckare both okay.  \nIn most places,  \nwrestlers had to have bare feet,but in Devon,  \nthey used to wear big bootswith steel plates in the solesThey'd kick each other's shinsuntil the boots were full of blood!  \nIn Cumbria,  \nthe match can't start  \nuntil you've both got a good grip.You clasp your hands togetherbehind the other man's back.Then-without letting go-you both start tryingto force each other to the ground.  \nIn the Greek and Roman style,you only lost a match  \nif both your shoulders touched the ground.But in other styles,  \nyou lost if you touched the groundwith any part of your body-except your hands,feet and knees.  \nOr you lost if one shoulder and one foottouched the ground.  \nOr ","cbCairNNnqYYaivC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairNNnqYYaivC","pdf",1893666,36,"English","# The Oldest Sport in the World\n## Wrestling Rules","[{\"question\":\"Why is wrestling described as the oldest sport in the world?\",\"answer\":\"Wrestling is presented as being practiced for thousands of years across many cultures, including Greeks and Romans and other communities worldwide.\"},{\"question\":\"How did wrestling change when it went professional?\",\"answer\":\"The text states that once wrestling went professional, it stopped being a sport and became entertainment.\"},{\"question\":\"What are some examples of how wrestling rules differ by place?\",\"answer\":\"The text contrasts Ancient Rome rules about holding below the waist and prohibitions on illegal holds with American “freestyle” rules that allow holds below the waist and around the neck.\"}]","WRESTLING - A Guide to Wrestling Rules and History | PDF",1790633181,55]