[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-366739-105":59,"doc-detail-366739-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","wound-healing-in-cancer-patients-under-immunotherapy","Wound healing in cancer patients under immunotherapy","","This comprehensive review examines the impact of cancer immunotherapies on wound healing, focusing on recent clinical evidence. While most patients on immunotherapy heal surgical and accidental wounds without major impairment, immune alterations can delay healing or produce distinctive wound pathologies. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy before complex surgery may increase wound complication rates in some cohorts. Immune checkpoint inhibitors generally do not raise overall surgical complication rates, but immunotherapy can directly cause wounds via immune-related adverse events. Management requires preoperative planning, careful technique, close monitoring, and multidisciplinary collaboration, and further research is needed for evidence-based perioperative guidelines.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/wound-healing-in-cancer-patients-under-immunotherapy/366739/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/wound-healing-in-cancer-patients-under-immunotherapy/366739.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Guten tag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do immune checkpoint inhibitors typically affect wound healing after surgery?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Immune checkpoint inhibitors usually do not increase general surgical complication rates, and many procedures proceed without major impairment. However, individual risk settings may still influence outcomes.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why can immunotherapy delay healing in some cancer patients?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Immune system alterations can delay healing or cause unique wound pathologies. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy before complex surgeries has shown higher wound complication rates in some cohorts.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What immune-related adverse events can cause wounds directly due to immunotherapy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Immunotherapy can directly cause wounds through immune-related adverse events such as bullous pemphigoid or pyoderma gangrenosum. These presentations require specialized management.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},366739,1790525400,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":41},687212321768,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a0010bdbe886d2fe77?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789897067658708522","Review Article  \nWound healing in cancer patients under immunotherapy  \nPao-Jen Kuo, MD, PhD, Pi-Chieh Lin, MD, Ching-Hua Hsieh, MD, PhD*  \nAbstract  \nThis comprehensive review examines the impact of cancer immunotherapies on wound healing, focusing on recent clinical  \nevidence. While most cancer patients on immunotherapy heal surgical and accidental wounds without significant impairment, immune system alterations can sometimes delay healing or cause unique wound pathologies. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy before complex surgeries has shown higher wound complication rates in some cohorts, suggesting careful patient selection is needed. Immune checkpoint inhibitors don’t typically increase general surgical complication rates, offering reassurance for most procedures. However, immunotherapy can directly cause wounds through immune-related adverse events like bullous pemphigoid or pyoderma gangrenosum, requiring specialized management. For malignant wounds, immunotherapy offers potential benefits by treating the underlying cancer. Management strategies include preoperative planning, careful surgical technique, close postoperative monitoring, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Despite adding complexity to wound healing, immunotherapy’s cancer control benefits typically outweigh risks. With appropriate strategies and vigilance for impaired healing or unusual wound presentations, most patients can undergo surgery safely while continuing immunotherapy. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for perioperative immunotherapy management.  \nKeywords: immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events, immunotherapy, surgical complications, wound healing  \nIntroduction  \nAdvances in immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade, improving survival in many malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as antiprogrammed cell death 1 (PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies are now standard of care for numerous cancers[1,2] . Likewise, adoptive cellular therapies, including as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), together with cytokine therapies like interleukin-2 (IL-2), have expanded therapeutic options in oncology[3,4] . As a result, a growing number of cancer patients on these immunotherapies present with wounds—whether surgical incisions, chronic ulcers, or tumor-related wounds—during their cancer journey. This convergence raises critical questions about how immunotherapy impacts wound healing in clinical practice.  \nDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan  \n*Corresponding author. Address: Department ofPlastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan. Tel.: +886-7-73217123-8002.  \n[E-mail: m93chinghua@gmail.com](E-mail: m93chinghua@gmail.com) (C.H. Hsieh).  \nCopyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.  \nInternational Journal of Surgery (2025) 111:7087–7098  \nReceived 30 April 2025; Accepted 8 June 2025  \nPublished online 27 June 2025  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002819](http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002819)  \nWound healing is a complex process requiring a finely tuned immune response. Cancer patients often have risk factors for impaired healing, including older age, malnutrition, steroid use, and prior treatments. Traditionally, oncologic therapies like cytotoxic chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic drugs (e.g., bevacizumab) are known to delay wou","cbCaijq32Wvq4Hxp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijq32Wvq4Hxp","pdf",342765,12,"English","# Introduction\n# Background and rationale for reviewing immunotherapy and wound healing\n# Evidence scope and methods (recent trials and reports)\n# Management strategies and multidisciplinary care","[{\"question\":\"How do immune checkpoint inhibitors typically affect wound healing after surgery?\",\"answer\":\"Immune checkpoint inhibitors usually do not increase general surgical complication rates, and many procedures proceed without major impairment. However, individual risk settings may still influence outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can immunotherapy delay healing in some cancer patients?\",\"answer\":\"Immune system alterations can delay healing or cause unique wound pathologies. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy before complex surgeries has shown higher wound complication rates in some cohorts.\"},{\"question\":\"What immune-related adverse events can cause wounds directly due to immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Immunotherapy can directly cause wounds through immune-related adverse events such as bullous pemphigoid or pyoderma gangrenosum. These presentations require specialized management.\"}]","Wound healing in cancer patients under immunotherapy | PDF",1790166922]