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It highlights critical minerals vulnerabilities, including high concentration risks in refining and processing, and outlines urgent needs to strengthen preparedness and diversify supply chains. The outlook also addresses gaps in universal energy access and worsening climate outcomes, while presenting pathways to expand electricity connections and modern cooking.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/world-energy-outlook-2025-international-energy-agency-energy-security-and-climate-implications/205873/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/world-energy-outlook-2025-international-energy-agency-energy-security-and-climate-implications/205873.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",21,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What energy topics does World Energy Outlook 2025 cover?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It covers oil, gas, coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, and demand-side management.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why are critical minerals a major focus in this outlook?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The document highlights concentration risks in refining and processing, dependence on a small number of suppliers, and the resulting vulnerabilities to supply disruptions and economic coercion.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What key shortcomings does the outlook emphasize?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It points to gaps in universal energy access and the continuing reality of climate change impacts, alongside the need for urgent action to address both in the near and longer term.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},205873,1788585529,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","World Energy Outlook  \n2025  \nINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY  \nThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its  \n32 Member countries, 13 Association countries and beyond.  \nPlease note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at [www.iea.org/terms](www.iea.org/terms)  \nThis publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.  \nSource: IEA.  \nInternational Energy Agency [Website: www.iea.org](Website: www.iea.org)  \nIEA Member countries:  \nAustralia  \nAustria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland  \nItaly Japan Korea Latvia  \nLithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands  \nNew Zealand Norway Poland  \nPortugal Slovak Republic Spain  \nSweden  \nSwitzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom  \nUnited States  \nThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA  \nIEA Association countries:  \nArgentina Brazil China Egypt India  \nIndonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Africa Thailand Ukraine  \nThis latest edition of the International Energy Agency (IEA) flagship publication, the World Energy Outlook (WEO), comes at a time when energy is increasingly at the centre of political and geopolitical tensions. Of course, the links between energy and politics have always been close, but when we look at the energy world in recent decades, there is no other time when energy security tensions have applied to so many fuels and technologies at once.  \nGovernments are contending with a formidable array of potential threats, vulnerabilities, dependencies and uncertainties spanning areas such as oil, natural gas, electricity, energy infrastructure, critical minerals, technology supply chains, data centres and AI, and more.  \nEnergy security today is truly a matter of economic and national security – and safeguarding it requires the same spirit of cooperation and focus that governments showed when the IEA was created after the 1973 oil shock.  \nTake, for example, critical minerals, which are a major theme of this WEO but also reflect the broader role of the IEA on issues of energy security, where we move quickly to identify and address emerging vulnerabilities.  \nThe IEA was the first to highlight the risks of high concentration of critical mineral supplies, especially in refining and processing. Today, a single country is the leading refiner for 19 out of 20 energy-related strategic minerals. As we pointed out in our landmark report on the subject in 2021, reliance on a small number of suppliers raises the risks of supply disruptions or economic coercion.  \nOver the past few years, the IEA has invested heavily in building up our global data and analytical capabilities in critical minerals, mirroring the world-leading capacities that we have across other parts of the energy sector, and setting up a Critical Minerals Security Programme. The topic was also a major focus at our Summit on the Future of Energy Security, held in London partnership with the UK government in April 2025.  \nToday, the risks that we identified in 2021 are no longer a theoretical concern; they have become a hard reality. The implications spread across different energy technologies but also apply to other strategic sectors such as energy, automotive, AI and defence. They affect millions of jobs. As we highlight again in this Outlook, urgent action is needed both in the near term to strengthen preparedness against potential disruptions, and over the","cbCairbzgia805O4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairbzgia805O4","pdf",15080114,519,"English","# Overview and context\n## Energy security and geopolitical tensions\n## Critical minerals risks and programs\n## Electricity markets and gas developments\n## Universal energy access and clean cooking\n## Climate trajectories and mitigation options","[{\"question\":\"What energy topics does World Energy Outlook 2025 cover?\",\"answer\":\"It covers oil, gas, coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, and demand-side management.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are critical minerals a major focus in this outlook?\",\"answer\":\"The document highlights concentration risks in refining and processing, dependence on a small number of suppliers, and the resulting vulnerabilities to supply disruptions and economic coercion.\"},{\"question\":\"What key shortcomings does the outlook emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"It points to gaps in universal energy access and the continuing reality of climate change impacts, alongside the need for urgent action to address both in the near and longer term.\"}]","World Energy Outlook - 2025 - International Energy Agency - Energy Security and Climate Implications | PDF",1308]