[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-113193-en":3,"doc-seo-113193-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},113193,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Working with Smallholders - Third Edition - A handbook for firms building sustainable supply chains","Working with Smallholders, Third Edition, provides guidance for firms that want to build sustainable supply chains by engaging smallholder producers. It addresses the business case for investment, explains why change is imperative, and examines key constraints such as yield gaps and the drivers behind them. The handbook also covers aggregation and cost-effective scaling, including the rationale, cost structures, and practical fundamentals for sourcing at scale.","WORKING WITH  \nSMALLHOLDERS  \nPub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nAuthorized  \nTHIRD EDITION  \nA handbook for firms building sustainable supply chains  \nDisclosure  \nINTERNATIONAL  \nFINANCE CORPORATION  \nPublic  \nWORKING WITH SMALLHOLDERS  \nWORKING WITH SMALLHOLDERS  \nA HANDBOOK FOR FIRMS BUILDING SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS (THIRD EDITION)  \nInternational Finance Corporation  \n© 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [internet: www.worldbank.org](internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nSome rights reserved 1 2 3 4 26 25 24 23  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://creativecommons](http://creativecommons)  \n[.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license](.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license), [you are free to copy](you are free to copy), [distribute](distribute), [transmit](transmit), [and](and)  \n[adapt this work](adapt this work), [including for commercial purposes](including for commercial purposes), [under the following](under the following) conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: International Finance Corporation. 2023. Working with Smallholders: A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains (Third Edition) . Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/  \n978-1-4648-1962-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bankshall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples ofcomponents can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.  \nAll queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H","cbCaivS1kpXWn0HV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivS1kpXWn0HV","pdf",44177029,1,529,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n# Preface\n# Acknowledgments\n# Abbreviations\n# Chapter 1. The Imperative for Change\n## Key Messages\n## The Imperative for Change\n## Firm-Level Incentives for Investing in Smallholder Supply Chains\n## Food and Agriculture Companies Are Approaching a Tipping Point on Sustainability\n# Chapter 2. Yield Gaps\n## Key Messages\n## Background\n## Why Is It Important to Consider Yield Gaps?\n## Factors Affecting Yield Gaps\n## Chapter Summary and Next Steps\n## Checklist\n# Chapter 3. Aggregation and Working Cost-Effectively at Scale\n## Key Messages\n## The Rationale for Sourcing from Smallholders and for Aggregation\n## Costs of Sourcing from Smallholders\n## Aggregation Fundamentals When Sourcing from Smallholders","[{\"question\":\"What is the core purpose of this handbook for firms?\",\"answer\":\"It helps firms engage smallholders to build sustainable supply chains by explaining incentives, constraints, and scalable sourcing approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the handbook address yield gaps?\",\"answer\":\"It explains why yield gaps matter, outlines the factors that affect them, and provides structured next steps for action.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does aggregation play in working with smallholders at scale?\",\"answer\":\"The handbook covers the rationale for aggregation, typical sourcing costs, and aggregation fundamentals to support cost-effective scaling.\"}]",1784501238,1333,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"working-with-smallholders-third-edition-a-handbook-for-firms-building-sustainable-supply-chains","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,53,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/working-with-smallholders-third-edition-a-handbook-for-firms-building-sustainable-supply-chains/113193/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What is the core purpose of this handbook for firms?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"It helps firms engage smallholders to build sustainable supply chains by explaining incentives, constraints, and scalable sourcing approaches.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does the handbook address yield gaps?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"It explains why yield gaps matter, outlines the factors that affect them, and provides structured next steps for action.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What role does aggregation play in working with smallholders at scale?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"The handbook covers the rationale for aggregation, typical sourcing costs, and aggregation fundamentals to support cost-effective scaling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]