[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-584157-105":59,"doc-detail-584157-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","working-paper-no-17-who-homeschools-really","WORKING PAPER No. 17 - Who Homeschools, Really?","","Working Paper No. 17 (July 2025) investigates who homeschools in the United States and how homeschoolers differ across ethnicity, region, urbanicity, political ideology, and religious service attendance. Findings describe a rapidly growing yet diverse homeschooling population, with participation rising since the pandemic and households reflecting broader demographic patterns. The paper also documents educational “sector mixing,” showing many homeschooling families use other schooling sectors, and it compares homeschooling modalities, including full-time and part-time/co-op and hybrid arrangements.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/working-paper-no-17-who-homeschools-really/584157/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/working-paper-no-17-who-homeschools-really/584157.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kyle","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How has homeschooling participation changed since the pandemic?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Homeschooling grew rapidly in recent years, with estimates rising from about 3% of U.S. K-12 students before the pandemic to about 6% afterward.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the paper say about the diversity of homeschool families?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Homeschooling households are described as ethnically, regionally, and ideologically diverse, including measurable shares of Hispanic, Black, and Asian households, plus variation by region and urbanicity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do homeschooling families use other education sectors and modalities?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Many households show “sector mixing,” using options like traditional public schools, public charters, and private schools alongside homeschooling. 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Watson, Johns Hopkins University [awatso43@jhu.edu](awatso43@jhu.edu)  \nMatthew H. Lee, Kennesaw State University [mlee236@kennesaw.edu](mlee236@kennesaw.edu)  \nABOUT EDCHOICE  \nEdChoice is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. Our mission is to advance educational freedom and choice for all as a pathway to successful lives and a stronger society. We are committed to understanding and pursuing a K–12 education ecosystem that empowers every family to choose the learning environment that fits their children’s needs best. EdChoice is the intellectual legacy of Milton and Rose D. Friedman, who founded the organization in 1996 as the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice.  \nThe contents ofthis publication are intended to provide empirical information and should not be construed as lobbying for any position related to any legislation.  \nEdChoice Working Papers are meant for wide circulation, inviting reader feedback, and for informing national and state conversations about reform ideas, policymaking, and implementation, driven by educational choice. EdChoice internally reviews each paper but does not necessarily send out for external reviews.  \nWe welcome and encourage hearing from you. Please feel free to contact the authors directly – or Paul DiPerna, our Vice President of Research and Innovation – about your impressions and comments.  \nAngela R. Watson: [awatso43@jhu.edu](awatso43@jhu.edu)  \n[Matthew H. Lee: mlee236@kennesaw.edu](Matthew H. Lee: mlee236@kennesaw.edu)  \n[Paul DiPerna: paul@edchoice.org](Paul DiPerna: paul@edchoice.org)  \nAuthors are responsible for the content provided in EdChoice working papers.  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive Summary-2  \nIntroduction-4  \nFindings-5  \nConclusion-11  \nNotes-13  \nAbout the Authors-14  \nAcknowledgments-14  \nList of Figures  \nFigure 1: Parent Respondent Demographic Characteristics – 5  \nFigure 2: Parent Respondent Characteristics by Locale and Region-6  \nFigure 3: Parent Respondent Characteristics by Political Ideology – 7  \nFigure 4: Parent Respondent Characteristics by Religious Service Attendance – 7  \nFigure 5: Homeschooling Modalities-8  \nFigure 6: Sector “Mixing” in Homeschooling Households – 9  \nFigure 7: Marginal Means by School Sector of Oldest Child-10  \nExecutive Summary  \n• Homeschooling has grown rapidly in recent years, especially since the pandemic. Before the pandemic, estimates suggested that roughly 3% of American K-12 students were homeschooled. Since then, the proportion has doubled to 6%, rivaling private and public charter school enrollments.  \n• Homeschooling today is a diverse movement in many senses ofthe word. It has grown in ethnic and racial diversity, reflecting the broader population in many ways. Our estimates suggest that 15% of households who homeschool any child are Hispanic, 10% are Black, and 5% are Asian.  \n• The movement also resembles the broader population in terms of region and urbanicity. A similar proportion of homeschoolers represent the Midwest, South, and West as other educational sectors, though the Northeast sees lower rates of homeschooling. By urbanicity, homeschooling is similar in prevalence in Suburban and Small Town settings, though it is more likely to be practiced in Rural settings and less likely to be practiced in Urban settings.  \n• Homeschoolers represent a wide range of political ideologies and religious lifestyles. Forty-four percent of homeschooling parents identify as Republican (43% as politically conservative) while 29% identify with the Democratic party (25% politically liberal) . Similarly, 44% of homeschooling parents report attending religious services at least weekly, though 31% say they never attend at all.  \n• Families that homeschool at least one child often make different educational choices for other children, demonstrating considerable sector “mixing.” Among households with at least one homeschooled child, 44% use some o","cbCaindX8RVBf9J6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaindX8RVBf9J6","pdf",919907,16,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Findings\n## Conclusion\n## Notes\n# About the Authors","[{\"question\":\"How has homeschooling participation changed since the pandemic?\",\"answer\":\"Homeschooling grew rapidly in recent years, with estimates rising from about 3% of U.S. K-12 students before the pandemic to about 6% afterward.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper say about the diversity of homeschool families?\",\"answer\":\"Homeschooling households are described as ethnically, regionally, and ideologically diverse, including measurable shares of Hispanic, Black, and Asian households, plus variation by region and urbanicity.\"},{\"question\":\"How do homeschooling families use other education sectors and modalities?\",\"answer\":\"Many households show “sector mixing,” using options like traditional public schools, public charters, and private schools alongside homeschooling. Modalities also vary, with most students homeschooled full-time and others using co-op, hybrid, or other arrangements.\"}]","WORKING PAPER No. 17 - Who Homeschools, Really? | PDF",1792050009]