[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-293089-105":59,"doc-detail-293089-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","working-paper-2006-5-mbti-distorted-reflections-of-personality","WORKING PAPER 2006-5 - MBTI - Distorted Reflections of Personality","","Working Paper 2006-5 by Verner C. Petersen examines MBTI as a personality-testing framework and questions how such tools may distort understandings of character. It connects the discussion to earlier ideas like phrenology, describing claims that inferred moral faculties from skull shape and later measuring practices. The paper outlines why personality tests gained popularity, cites estimates of widespread MBTI use, and highlights ethical and controversial applications in high-stakes settings such as hiring, parole, and court cases.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/working-paper-2006-5-mbti-distorted-reflections-of-personality/293089/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/working-paper-2006-5-mbti-distorted-reflections-of-personality/293089.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What historical idea does the paper use to contextualize personality tests?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It recounts phrenology, which claimed that the bumps on a person’s cranium corresponded to moral character and faculties. The paper explains why such claims were later ridiculed and discredited.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is the MBTI test described in the paper’s discussion of popularity?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It cites a 2004 estimate that MBTI was taken by over 2.5 million people per year in the US and that the personality testing industry was growing at about 10 percent. It also names MBTI as a widely used test.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Where does the paper note that personality tests are used in high-stakes situations?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It describes controversial uses in job interviews, parole hearings, and court cases in the US, raising concerns about applying personality labels where consequences are significant.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},293089,1789659487,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","WORKING PAPER 2006-5  \nVerner C. Petersen  \nMBTI  \n-distorted reflections of personality?  \nDepartment of Management  \nCREDO  \nMBTI  \n– distorted reflections of personality?  \nVerner C. Petersen  \n2006  \n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~© Verner C. Petersen, docent, cand. scient. et dr. phil.  \nCREDO/ Department of Management The Aarhus School of Business Haslegaardsvej 10, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark  \nphone + 45 8948 6688 • direct +45 8948 6458 • fax +45 8948 6125 [vcp@asb.dk](vcp@asb.dk)  \n[www.credo.asb.dk](www.credo.asb.dk)  \n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  \nContent  \nBumps on the head .......................................................................... 1  \nComponents of personality ..............................................................2  \nThe uses of MBTI............................................................................ 6  \nMirrors distorting personality ..........................................................7  \nOn the popularity of pointed shoes and personality tests ................ 13  \nReferences ..................................................................................... 16  \nOr, as philosophers, who find Some favourite system to their mind; In every point to make it fit,  \nWill force all nature to submit.  \n(Jonathan Swift)  \nBumps on the head  \nIn the 19th century it became popular to determine the character, personality and probable criminal dispositions by means of the new science of phrenology as developed by the German physician Franz Joseph Gall. Phrenology claimed that there was a correspondence between the shape of the bumps on a person’s cranium and that person’s moral character or faculties.  \nActually Gall ’s theory was a little more sophisticated in that he claimed that the brain was the seat of all a person’s propensities, sentiments and faculties, a thought which seems to be taken seriously by neuroscience today. More problematic was his assertion that the shape of the cranium somehow made it possible to deduct what these propensities, sentiments and faculties might be.  \nPhrenology became so popular that an instrument to perform cranium measurements was invented in the shape of the so-called Automatic Electric Phrenometer.  \nPhrenology also made its way into literature as in Thomas Love Peacock’s “Headlong Hall”1 in which Mr. Cranium, an expert on phrenology, deals out good advice on how to use the science of phrenology to judge characters and find suitable occupations for the different personalities.  \n“I would advise every parent, who has the welfare of his son at heart, to procure as extensive a collection as possible of the skulls of animals, and, before determining on the choice of a profession, to compare with the utmost nicety their bumps and protuberances with those of the skull of his son.…If he show an analogy with the jackal, let all possible influence be used to procure him a place at court, where he will infallibly  \n1 Peacock, T. L. (1 815) . Headlong Hall.  \nthrive. If his skull bear a marked resemblance to that of a magpie, it cannot be doubted that he will prove an admirable lawyer; and if with this advantageous conformation be combined any similitude to that of an owl, very confident hopes may be formed of his becoming a judge.”2  \nOf course phrenology has long since been ridiculed and discredited asa science, though vestiges of such ideas seem to have lingered on in the racial theories well up into the 20th century3.  \nToday we know better that to judge a persons character on the shape of the bumps on his scull. Today we have much more sophisticated theories and methods for measuring personality and character, like the MyersBriggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Enneagram and Belbin tests. Or have we?  \nComponents of personality  \nIn 2004 U. S. News and World report estimated that the MBTI test was taken by more than 2,5 million people a year in the US, and that the personality testing industry was growing at an esti","cbCaio0oViVFdi8U","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio0oViVFdi8U","pdf",342430,24,"English","# Content\n## Bumps on the head\n## Components of personality\n## The uses of MBTI\n## Mirrors distorting personality\n## On the popularity of pointed shoes and personality tests\n## References","[{\"question\":\"What historical idea does the paper use to contextualize personality tests?\",\"answer\":\"It recounts phrenology, which claimed that the bumps on a person’s cranium corresponded to moral character and faculties. The paper explains why such claims were later ridiculed and discredited.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the MBTI test described in the paper’s discussion of popularity?\",\"answer\":\"It cites a 2004 estimate that MBTI was taken by over 2.5 million people per year in the US and that the personality testing industry was growing at about 10 percent. It also names MBTI as a widely used test.\"},{\"question\":\"Where does the paper note that personality tests are used in high-stakes situations?\",\"answer\":\"It describes controversial uses in job interviews, parole hearings, and court cases in the US, raising concerns about applying personality labels where consequences are significant.\"}]","WORKING PAPER 2006-5 - MBTI - Distorted Reflections of Personality | PDF"]