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This study tested how daily working memory related to within- and between-person activity diversity in older adults. Data were collected six times daily for seven days from 127 participants, with activity diversity quantified across multiple life domains using Shannon’s entropy. Multilevel models adjusting for demographics, health, and affect showed between-person benefits, but within-person day-to-day diversity reduced working memory, moderated by negative affect and loneliness.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/working-memory-and-activity-diversity-in-older-adults-examining-within-and-between-person-associations/426394/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/working-memory-and-activity-diversity-in-older-adults-examining-within-and-between-person-associations/426394.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Elsa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was daily activity diversity measured in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Participants reported their activity engagement across social, physical, mental, productive, household chores, self-care, and leisure domains. Daily activity diversity was quantified using Shannon’s entropy.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What did the study find at the between-person level?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"At the between-person level, individuals with greater overall activity diversity showed better working memory.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did negative affect and loneliness influence the within-person association?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Higher negative affect buffered the within-person effect of activity diversity on working memory, while loneliness amplified it.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},426394,1790741164,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":81},137455077381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","470 Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.1604  \nWORKING MEMORY AND ACTIVITY DIVERSITY IN  \nOLDER ADULTS: EXAMINING WITHIN-AND  \nBETWEEN-PERSON ASSOCIATIONS  \nJohanna Drewelies1, Denis Gerstorf2, Sandra Duezel3,  \nIlja Demuth3, Ulman Lindenberger4, Rachel Koffer5, and Soomi Lee6, 1. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2. Humboldt University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 3. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 4. Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 5. Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 6. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States  \nCognitive function and activity diversity have been linked, yet it remains unclear whether this association holds at the daily level.  \nThis study examined associations between daily working memory and within-and between-person activity diversity in older adults.  \nData were collected six times per day for seven days from 127 participants in Berlin (Mage = 76.59, range: 67–88). Participants reported their activity engagement across social, physical, mental, productive, household chores, self-care, and leisure domains; a daily activity diversity score was calculated using Shannon’s entropy.  \nMulti-level models adjusted for age, gender, education, morbidity, perceptual speed, and negative affect and loneliness. Results showed that, at the between-person level, individuals with greater overall activity diversity exhibited better working memory. However, atthe within-person level, on days when individuals engaged in more varied activities than usual, working memory was lower. Negative affect and loneliness moderated these associations: higher negative affect buffered the within-person effect of activity diversity on working memory, while loneliness amplified it. These findings suggest that although engaging in diverse activities may support working memory over the long term, daily fluctuations in activity diversity could be cognitively taxing. The interplay between emotional states and activity diversity highlights the complexity of daily cognitive functioning in older adults.","cbCaijqCbFNlO72z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijqCbFNlO72z","pdf",450343,"English","# Abstract\n## Daily-level associations\n## Measurement approach\n## Multilevel modeling and covariates\n## Key findings and moderation effects","[{\"question\":\"How was daily activity diversity measured in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Participants reported their activity engagement across social, physical, mental, productive, household chores, self-care, and leisure domains. Daily activity diversity was quantified using Shannon’s entropy.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find at the between-person level?\",\"answer\":\"At the between-person level, individuals with greater overall activity diversity showed better working memory.\"},{\"question\":\"How did negative affect and loneliness influence the within-person association?\",\"answer\":\"Higher negative affect buffered the within-person effect of activity diversity on working memory, while loneliness amplified it.\"}]","Working Memory and Activity Diversity in Older Adults - Examining Within-and-Between-Person Associations | PDF",1790640439]