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Universities were sampled by region and institutional goals, and in-depth interviews were conducted with three groups: international faculty, Korean faculty, and Korean staff. Findings show low expectations based on differing views of internationalization, producing role encapsulation, limited functions, and inadequate post-hire support that shifts burdens to Korean colleagues.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/working-as-a-token-different-perspectives-on-the-role-of-international-faculty-in-korean-universities/601562/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/working-as-a-token-different-perspectives-on-the-role-of-international-faculty-in-korean-universities/601562.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines factors that influence the “tokenization” of international faculty in Korean universities and explores how domestic faculty and staff perceive these roles and adaptation processes within the Korean education system.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What research methods were used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used a qualitative design, sampling universities by region and objectives, and conducting in-depth interviews with three groups: international faculty, Korean faculty, and Korean staff.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key findings explain why international faculty have limited roles?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Low expectations among Korean faculty and staff—driven by different definitions of internationalization—lead to role encapsulation. Inadequate support after hiring further contributes to negative perceptions, with burdens often transferred to Korean faculty.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601562,1792170915,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Working as a “Token”: Different Perspectives on the Role of International Faculty in Korean Universities  \nInyoung Song  Korea University Yangson Kim  Hiroshima University  \nECNU Review of Education 2024, Vol. 7(4) 926–944 © The Author(s) 2024 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/20965311241240482](DOI: 10.1177/20965311241240482)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/20965311241240482)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: This study examined the factors influencing the tokenization of international faculty in Korean universities. It also explored how domestic faculty and staff perceive the role of international faculty and the process by which they adapt to the Korean education system.  \nDesign/Approach/Methods: The study used a qualitative design. Universities were arranged by region and objectives (research-oriented, teaching-oriented, or combined teaching and research) for sampling, and in-depth interviews were conducted with three groups: international faculty, Korean faculty, and Korean staff.  \nFindings: First, Korean faculty and staff expressed low expectations of international faculty based on their different definitions of internationalization. Second, these low expectations resulted in role encapsulation, limiting the functions of international faculty. In addition, although Korean universities compete to hire international faculty, they do not provide them with adequate support post-hire. The burden of this lack of support is often passed on to Korean faculty, instilling a negative perception of international faculty.  \nCorresponding author:  \nYangson Kim, Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, 1-2-2, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8512, Japan.  \nEmail: [yskim@hiroshima-u.ac.jp](yskim@hiroshima-u.ac.jp)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nOriginality/Value: Using the framework of tokenism, this study analyzed Korean universities’efforts to hire international faculty as part of university internationalization; it determined whether the latter ultimately became major actors in the internationalization strategy.  \nKeywords  \nInternational academics, internationalization of HEI, Korean universities, tokenism  \nDate received: 21 June 2023; revised: 6 September 2023, 29 October 2023, 8 December 2023; accepted: 15 January 2024  \nIntroduction  \nThe hiring of international faculty in Korean universities has increased since the 2000s, when the government began awarding financial subsidies to encourage this practice. Simultaneously, Korean universities have been experiencing a chronic financial decline due to a decrease in the school-age population, so to supplement their budgets, they have begun focusing more on attracting international students. This trend of internationalizing higher education has driven and continues to drive significant changes throughout Korean universities, from alterations to the physical design of campuses to shifts in the job market for professors (De Wit, 2002) . The internationalization of higher education is progressing rapidly; as such, the world university rankings and the university quality assurance system have begun to emphasize the tangible results of internationalization in their ranking criteria, such as the ratio of international students and international faculty.  \nHowever, scholars have criticized efforts to rec","cbCaimoUw4fehUNy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimoUw4fehUNy","pdf",508188,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Study Context and Background\n## Critiques and Organizational Focus\n## Tokenism as an Analytical Framework","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines factors that influence the “tokenization” of international faculty in Korean universities and explores how domestic faculty and staff perceive these roles and adaptation processes within the Korean education system.\"},{\"question\":\"What research methods were used?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a qualitative design, sampling universities by region and objectives, and conducting in-depth interviews with three groups: international faculty, Korean faculty, and Korean staff.\"},{\"question\":\"What key findings explain why international faculty have limited roles?\",\"answer\":\"Low expectations among Korean faculty and staff—driven by different definitions of internationalization—lead to role encapsulation. Inadequate support after hiring further contributes to negative perceptions, with burdens often transferred to Korean faculty.\"}]","Working as a “Token” - Different Perspectives on the Role of International Faculty in Korean Universities | PDF",1792092860,48]