[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-427995-105":59,"doc-detail-427995-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","word-smarts-using-morphology-to-develop-vocabulary-word-attack-skills","Word Smarts - Using Morphology to Develop Vocabulary & Word Attack Skills","","Word Smarts explains how morphology supports vocabulary growth and students’ word-attack skills. It distinguishes active versus passive vocabulary, and organizes word knowledge along a continuum from never encountered to fluent understanding and use. The guide also categorizes vocabulary for reading, listening, speaking, and writing, noting typical size relationships among these skills. It then introduces technical terminology for morphemes, affixes, roots, phonemes, prefixes, suffixes, and Latin- and Greek-based templates and connectives.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":57,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/general/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/word-smarts-using-morphology-to-develop-vocabulary-word-attack-skills/427995/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/word-smarts-using-morphology-to-develop-vocabulary-word-attack-skills/427995.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Putri","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the difference between passive and active vocabulary, and why does it matter for instruction?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Passive (receptive) vocabulary refers to words a learner understands when reading or listening, while active (expressive) vocabulary refers to words the learner can use in conversation and writing. Instruction matters because most active vocabulary is included in passive vocabulary, and most learners encounter more words in text than in everyday speech.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are vocabulary categories organized in the document?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Vocabulary is organized into reading vocabulary, listening vocabulary, speaking vocabulary, and writing vocabulary. The document notes that reading vocabulary is typically the largest, speaking vocabulary is usually a subset of listening vocabulary, and many written words may not occur commonly in speech.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What terminology does the document use for word structure?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document defines key units such as morphemes, affixes (prefixes and suffixes), roots/base words, and phonemes. It also covers bound versus free morphemes, assimilated (chameleon) prefixes, combining forms, and connective letters used to join morphemes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427995,1791207693,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":56,"category_name":57,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085571259,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","W.V.C.ED  \nP.O. Box 5478 Louisville, KY 40205  \n[wvancleave@wvced.com](wvancleave@wvced.com)[ ](wvancleave@wvced.com)[wvced.com](wvced.com) • facebook: W.V.C.ED  \nWord Smarts  \nUsing Morphology to Develop Vocabulary & Word Attack Skills  \nWilliam Van Cleave • Educational Consultant • W.V.C.ED Last Updated June 2017  \nI. Introduction  \na. word knowledge & active vs. passive vocabulary  \nb. motivation for teaching morphology  \nc. terminology  \nd. difference between phonological & morphological study (“cat”)  \ne. Anglo-Saxon, Latin, Greek: sorting by origin  \nII. First Level Morphology  \na. Anglo-Saxon base words & affixes  \nb. basic parts of speech for suffixing  \nIII. Second Level Morphology-Latinate Words  \na. Latin roots & affixes  \nb. elements of a lesson  \nc. suffixes versus final stable syllables  \nd. Latin template & connectives  \nIV. More Advanced Elements (as time permits)  \na. Greek template  \nb. Greek combining forms  \nc. -ti-, -ci-, & -tu  \nd. assimilated/chameleon prefixes  \nDifferent Kinds of Vocabulary & Levels of Word Knowledge  \nPassive & Active Vocabulary:  \nIt is important to understand the difference between passive (receptive) and active (expressive) vocabulary. Usually, a person’s active vocabulary is much smaller than her passive vocabulary, and most if not all of that person’s active vocabulary is included in her passive vocabulary. The words she uses in conversation and writing are typically a subset of those she understands (when she either listens or reads) . Most readers encounter many words in text that are not commonly spoken. This knowledge is essential when selecting vocabulary words for students and also when deciding how to help those students learn the selected words.  \nPassive (Receptive) Vocabulary  \nActive (Expressive) Vocabulary  \nWord Knowledge:  \nA person’s understanding of individual words can also be seen on a continuum. Consider the following:  \nnever encountered  \nword  \nheard word before but can’t define it  \nrecognize word due to context or tone of voice  \nable to use and understand but not explain word  \nfluent with word-both use and definition  \nVocabulary Categories: Notes:  \nReading vocabulary:  \nwords you recognize when you read (typically the largest vocabulary)  \nListening vocabulary:  \nwords you recognize when listening to speech (increased by context and tone of voice)  \nSpeaking vocabulary:  \nwords you use in speech  \n(typically a subset of listening vocabulary)  \nWriting vocabulary:  \nwords you use when you write  \n(many written words do not usually occur in speech)  \n2 © 2017 • [wvced.com](wvced.com) • [wvancleave@wvced.com](wvancleave@wvced.com)  \nTerminology for Advanced Word Structure  \naffix morpheme that is attached to the root (usually either a prefix or a suffix)  \nfinal stable cluster of letters at the end of a word whose pronunciation remains  \nsyllable consistent regardless of the word in which it appears (e.g., -tion, -ble,  \n-ture); not synonymous with the term suffix  \nmorpheme smallest component of a word that has meaning  \nbound morpheme morpheme that only appears as part of a larger word (e.g., -struct-)  \nfree morpheme morpheme that can stand alone; often called base word or root word (e.g., -port-, -kind-)  \nphoneme smallest unit of sound (e.g., /b/, /ch/)  \nprefix affix placed before the root of a word (e.g., pre-, ab-)  \nroot core meaning in a word; some are bound morphemes (e.g., -struct-), and some are free morphemes (e.g., -port-); all words have at least 1 root  \nsuffix affix placed after the root of a word; typically determines part of speech  \nvowel suffix suffix that begins with a vowel (e.g., -ed, -ing, -ous, -ive, -ate, -us) consonant suffix suffix that begins with a consonant (e.g., -ment, -ly, -ful, -tude, -less)  \nassimilated prefix (often nicknamed chameleon) where, for ease of pronunciation,  \nprefix the final letter changes according to the initial letter of the base to which  \nit is attached (e.g., ad-changes to ar-before range to make","cbCaibN6XmdAVKes","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibN6XmdAVKes","pdf",769001,31,"English","# Introduction\n## Word knowledge & active vs. passive vocabulary\n## Motivation for teaching morphology\n## Terminology and key distinctions\n# First Level Morphology\n## Anglo-Saxon base words & affixes\n## Parts of speech for suffixing\n# Second Level Morphology - Latinate Words\n## Latin roots & affixes\n## Elements of a lesson\n## Suffixes vs. final stable syllables\n## Latin template & connectives\n# More Advanced Elements\n## Greek template\n## Greek combining forms\n## -ti-, -ci-, & -tu\n## Assimilated/chameleon prefixes\n# Different Kinds of Vocabulary & Levels of Word Knowledge\n## Passive vs. active vocabulary\n## Vocabulary continuum\n## Vocabulary categories: reading, listening, speaking, writing\n# Terminology for Advanced Word Structure\n## Affix, morpheme, prefix, root, suffix\n## Bound/free morphemes\n## Assimilated (chameleon) prefixes\n## Combining forms and connectives","[{\"question\":\"What is the difference between passive and active vocabulary, and why does it matter for instruction?\",\"answer\":\"Passive (receptive) vocabulary refers to words a learner understands when reading or listening, while active (expressive) vocabulary refers to words the learner can use in conversation and writing. Instruction matters because most active vocabulary is included in passive vocabulary, and most learners encounter more words in text than in everyday speech.\"},{\"question\":\"How are vocabulary categories organized in the document?\",\"answer\":\"Vocabulary is organized into reading vocabulary, listening vocabulary, speaking vocabulary, and writing vocabulary. The document notes that reading vocabulary is typically the largest, speaking vocabulary is usually a subset of listening vocabulary, and many written words may not occur commonly in speech.\"},{\"question\":\"What terminology does the document use for word structure?\",\"answer\":\"The document defines key units such as morphemes, affixes (prefixes and suffixes), roots/base words, and phonemes. It also covers bound versus free morphemes, assimilated (chameleon) prefixes, combining forms, and connective letters used to join morphemes.\"}]","Word Smarts - Using Morphology to Develop Vocabulary & Word Attack Skills | PDF",1790645434,48]