[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-405781-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-405781-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","women-consuming-oral-contraceptives-containing-cyproterone-acetate-and-ethinylestradiol-show-a-higher-risk-of-thyroid-cancer-than-nonusers","Women consuming oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol show a higher risk of thyroid cancer than nonusers","","This study explored whether the risk of thyroid cancer in Asian women is associated with consumption of oral contraceptives (Diane-35). A population-based, retrospective cohort was conducted using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database data. The Diane-35 cohort included 9,865 women aged 18–65 prescribed Diane-35 from 2000–2012, compared with 39,460 nonusers frequency-matched by age and index year, followed until 2013. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Thyroid cancer incidence was 1.80-fold higher in the Diane-35 group with HR 1.91 (95% CI 1.10–3.30), and risk was notably elevated among ages 30–39 (HR 5.58).",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/women-consuming-oral-contraceptives-containing-cyproterone-acetate-and-ethinylestradiol-show-a-higher-risk-of-thyroid-cancer-than-nonusers/405781/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/women-consuming-oral-contraceptives-containing-cyproterone-acetate-and-ethinylestradiol-show-a-higher-risk-of-thyroid-cancer-than-nonusers/405781.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Jacob","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the study design and data source?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study used a population-based retrospective cohort design with data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Women prescribed Diane-35 were compared with nonusers who were frequency-matched by age and index year.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How much higher was thyroid cancer incidence in the Diane-35 group?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Thyroid cancer incidence was 1.80-fold higher in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (2.72 vs 1.51 per 10,000 person-years). The cumulative incidence was also significantly higher (log-rank test, P = .03).",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which age group showed the strongest increased risk?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"In subgroup analysis, women aged 30 to 39 years had a higher hazard ratio for developing thyroid cancer after consuming Diane-35 (HR: 5.58, 95% CI: 1.84–16.91).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},405781,1791093399,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","®  \n Observational Study   \nWomen consuming oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol show a higher risk of thyroid cancer than nonusers  \nPei-Hsuan Lai, MDa , Weishan Chen, PhDb ,c , Chung Y. Hsu, MD, PhDd , Jen-Hung Wang, MSe , Dah-Ching Ding, MD, PhDa ,f,*   \n\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>This study explored whether the risk of thyroid cancer in Asian women is associated with consumption of oral contraceptives (Diane-35) . We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. From the database, 9865 women aged 18 to 65 years who were prescribed Diane-35 between 2000 and 2012 were included in the Diane-35 group, and 39,460 women who were not prescribed Diane-35 were included in the comparison group and were frequency-matched by age and index year. Both groups were followed until 2013 to calculate the incidence of thyroid cancer. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. The median (standard deviation) follow-up duration was 7.08 (3 .63) and 7.04 (3 .64) years in the Diane-35 and the comparison group, respectively. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 1.80-fold higher in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (2 .72 vs 1.51 per 10,000 person-years) . The cumulative incidence of thyroid cancer was significantly higher in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (log-rank test, P = .03) . An elevated hazard ratio of thyroid cancer was observed in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.10–3.30) . In subgroup analysis, patients aged 30 to 39 years showed a higher hazard ratio of developing thyroid cancer after consuming Diane-35 than those in the comparison group (HR: 5.58, 95% CI: 1.84–16.91) . The study provides evidence that women aged 30 to 39 years consuming Diane-35 are at increased risk of thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, a larger population with a longer follow-up may be necessary to confirm causality. |\n| --- |\n| Abbreviations: CI = confidence intervals, E = estrogen, FTC = follicular thyroid carcinoma, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, MHT = menopausal hormone therapy, OCs = oral contraceptives, P = progesterone, PCOS = polycystic ovarian disease, PR = progesterone receptor, PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma. |\n| Keywords: Diane-35 , oral contraceptives, thyroid cancer |\n\n1. Introduction  \nOral contraceptives (OCs) are hormone-containing products used to prevent pregnancy. Inhibition of ovulation and prevention of sperm penetration into the cervix are the main mechanisms for avoiding pregnancy.[1] Prevention of ovulation is the main mechanism of contraceptives of combined oral contraceptives.  \nThe most common forms of oral contraceptives are synthetic female hormones – estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) . This typeof pill is called a combined oral contraceptive. Another form of oral contraceptives, such as minipill, contains progestin alone. Diane-35 (Bayer Weimer GmbH und Co., Weimer, Germany) is a combined form of an oral contraceptive containing 2 mg cyproterone acetate and 0.035 mg ethinylestradiol. Indications for Diane-35 include acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, polycystic ovarian  \nOral contraceptives and thyroid cancer risk.  \nThis study was partly supported by the China Medical University Hospital (DMR- 110-105) and the Tseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.  \nInformed consent was waived due to low risk of patient safety and approved by the committee.  \nThe authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.  \nThe datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  \nThe Research Ethics Committee at China Medical University and Hospital approved the use of NHRI-provided data for studies (institutional review board permit number: CMUH-104-REC2-115).  \na Depar","cbCaiuw1PsSKKxDI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuw1PsSKKxDI","pdf",547955,"English","# Introduction\n## Oral contraceptives mechanisms and Diane-35 description\n# Abstract\n## Study design and cohorts\n## Thyroid cancer incidence and hazard ratios","[{\"question\":\"What is the study design and data source?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a population-based retrospective cohort design with data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Women prescribed Diane-35 were compared with nonusers who were frequency-matched by age and index year.\"},{\"question\":\"How much higher was thyroid cancer incidence in the Diane-35 group?\",\"answer\":\"Thyroid cancer incidence was 1.80-fold higher in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (2.72 vs 1.51 per 10,000 person-years). The cumulative incidence was also significantly higher (log-rank test, P = .03).\"},{\"question\":\"Which age group showed the strongest increased risk?\",\"answer\":\"In subgroup analysis, women aged 30 to 39 years had a higher hazard ratio for developing thyroid cancer after consuming Diane-35 (HR: 5.58, 95% CI: 1.84–16.91).\"}]","Women consuming oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol show a higher risk of thyroid cancer than nonusers | PDF",1790561781,15]