[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-118746-en":3,"doc-seo-118746-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},118746,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253",8,"Research & Report","Will the biopsychosocial model of medicine survive in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning? - Scholarly reflection on personalized medicine","The biomedical model of medicine was replaced by the biopsychosocial model to better capture psychological and social dimensions of illness. Machine learning enables truly personalized medicine, but it introduces new demands for how medical models interpret individual risk and protective factors. Scholarly reflection examines how predictive models can integrate diverse data to forecast presentation, course, and treatment response while emphasizing factor-level contributions. It argues that current biopsychosocial practice is not sufficiently prepared for these possibilities and highlights needed clinician skills and better data design and integration.","This is a repository copy of Will the biopsychosocial model of medicine survive in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning?.  \nWhite Rose Research Online URL for this paper:  \n[https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/197634/](https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/197634/)  \n[Version: Accepted Version](Version: Accepted Version)  \nArticle:  \nLeentjens, Albert F G and Smith, Stephen Leslie [orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-2643](orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-2643) (2023) Will the biopsychosocial model of medicine survive in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning? Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 111207. ISSN 0022-3999  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111207](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111207)  \nReuse  \nThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/)  \nTakedown  \nIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by  \nemailing [eprints@whiterose.ac.uk](eprints@whiterose.ac.uk) including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.  \n[eprints@whiterose.ac.uk](eprints@whiterose.ac.uk)[ ](eprints@whiterose.ac.uk)[https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/](https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/)  \nJournal of Psychosomatic Research  \nWill the biopsychosocial model of medicine survive in the age of artificial intelligence  \nand machine learning?  \n--Manuscript Draft--  \n\n| Manuscript Number: |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Article Type: | VSI: EAPM Papers |\n| Keywords: | biopsychosocial model; psychosomatic; artificial intelligence; machine learning; predictive model |\n| Corresponding Author: | Albert Leentjens, M. D. , Ph. D.\u003Cbr>Maastricht University Medical Centre\u003Cbr>Maastricht, NETHERLANDS |\n| First Author: | Albert F.G. Leentjens, M. D. , Ph. D. |\n| Order of Authors: | Albert F.G. Leentjens, M. D. , Ph. D. |\n|  | Stephen L. Smith, Ph. D. |\n| Suggested Reviewers: | Wolfgang Soellner\u003Cbr>[wolfgang_soellner@t-online.de](wolfgang_soellner@t-online.de)\u003Cbr>published on biopsychosocial health vcare needs before and held his Frits Huyse lecture on the topic 'societal influence of machine learning' |\n|  | Judith Rosmalen\u003Cbr>[j.g.m.rosmalen@umcg.nl](j.g.m.rosmalen@umcg.nl)\u003Cbr>Interest in biopsychosocial research (see also the JPR editorial november 2021) |\n\nPowered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation  \nManuscript File Click here to view linked References   \nWill the biopsychosocial model of medicine survive in the age of artificial  \nintelligence and machine learning?*  \nAlbert F.G. Leentjens, M. D. , Ph. D. , Professor of Neuropsychiatry 1  \nStephen L. Smith, Ph. D. , Professor of Electrical Engeneering2  \n1. Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands  \n2. Department of Electrical Engineering, York University, York, England  \n* This paper reflects the content of the Frits Huyse award lecture of the first author, presented at the EAPM conference in Wroclaw, Poland on 17 June 2023.  \nAddress for correspondence:  \nProf. dr. A.F.G. Leentjens  \nDepartment of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Centre  \nP.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands  \nphone + 31 43 3874130; fax + 31 43 3875444  \nemail: [a.leentjens@maastrichtuniversity.nl](a.leentjens@maastrichtuniversity.nl)  \nNumber of words text body (excluding abstract and references): 2496  \nNumber of words abstract : 243  \nFigures : 1  \nTables : none  \nConflict of interests : none  \nAbstract  \nBackground: the biomedical model of medicine was replaced by the biopsychosocial model in order to better accommodate psychological and social ","cbCaib4lqfF2GjbF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib4lqfF2GjbF","pdf",385535,1,14,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Background and Aim\n## Methods and Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Origin of the biopsychosocial model\n## Shift toward personalized medicine with AI","[{\"question\":\"Why was the biopsychosocial model introduced in medicine?\",\"answer\":\"It was introduced to better accommodate psychological and social aspects of illness, replacing the biomedical model’s reductionistic limitations.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does machine learning play in personalized medicine according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Machine learning helps integrate diverse data to build predictive models for individual presentation, disease course, and treatment response.\"},{\"question\":\"What gaps and adaptations are proposed for the biopsychosocial model?\",\"answer\":\"The document states the biopsychosocial model is not well prepared for personalized medicine and calls for adaptations, including new clinician skills and research data designed for machine learning integration.\"}]","Will the biopsychosocial model of medicine survive in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning? - Scholarly reflection on personalized medicine | PDF",1785720032,35,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"will-the-biopsychosocial-model-of-medicine-survive-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-scholarly-reflection-on-personalized-medicine","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/will-the-biopsychosocial-model-of-medicine-survive-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-scholarly-reflection-on-personalized-medicine/118746/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why was the biopsychosocial model introduced in medicine?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It was introduced to better accommodate psychological and social aspects of illness, replacing the biomedical model’s reductionistic limitations.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What role does machine learning play in personalized medicine according to the document?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Machine learning helps integrate diverse data to build predictive models for individual presentation, disease course, and treatment response.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What gaps and adaptations are proposed for the biopsychosocial model?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The document states the biopsychosocial model is not well prepared for personalized medicine and calls for adaptations, including new clinician skills and research data designed for machine learning integration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]