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The research develops an accountability typology to analyze power relations and applies Self-Determination Theory to assess teachers’ motivational consequences. Data come from one public and three private schools, using principal and teacher interviews alongside school and policy documents.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/why-merit-pay-fails-comparison-of-public-and-private-school-practices-in-shenzhen-china/601535/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/why-merit-pay-fails-comparison-of-public-and-private-school-practices-in-shenzhen-china/601535.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What hypothesis does the paper use to explain why merit pay fails in schools?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It discusses the “political obstruction hypothesis,” which argues that teacher unions hinder merit pay schemes from functioning properly, requiring stronger evidence to refute it.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is teacher motivation analyzed in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Teachers’ motivational status is examined using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) alongside an accountability typology that highlights power relations behind merit pay.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the paper claim about the effects of merit pay based on its findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The findings support an opposite conclusion to the political obstruction hypothesis, arguing that contradictions between market accountability and professional accountability make merit pay inapplicable in educational settings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601535,1792190189,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Research Article  \n| Why Merit Pay Fails: Comparison of Public and Private School Practices in Shenzhen, China\u003Cbr>Hejia Shi (史和佳) The University of Hong Kong Dan Wang (王丹) The University of Hong Kong | ECNU Review of Education 2024, Vol. 7(3) 809–832 © The Author(s) 2022 Article reuse guidelines:\u003Cbr>[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/20965311221144461](DOI: 10.1177/20965311221144461)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/20965311221144461)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe) |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | | |\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>Purpose: Accounts for failures of merit pay in educational settings were stagnated by the “political obstruction hypothesis,” which blamed teacher unions for impeding the merit pay schemes from proper function. It required stronger evidence from both public and private schools to refute this hypothesis.\u003Cbr>Design/Approach/Methods: Accountability typology was conceptualized to uncover the power relations underpinning merit pay schemes, and teachers’ motivational status was described from the perspective of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to analyze the corresponding consequences. One public school and three private schools were purposefully sampled, and data included principal interviews, teacher interviews, school documents, and relevant policy documents.\u003Cbr>Findings: Our findings suggested an opposite conclusion to the “political obstruction hypothesis” |  |  |\n| The research was done and the manuscript was submitted when the corresponding author was studying as a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Hong Kong. Corresponding address below is updated to reflect where the author is currently working and living. |  |  |\n| Corresponding author:\u003Cbr>Hejia Shi, Shifu Avenue 1139, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.\u003Cbr>Email: [bnushihj@qq.com](bnushihj@qq.com) |  |  |\n\nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nthat the more dependent on market, the more intense the conflict between external accountabilities and the nature of teaching. Thus, we supported the “nature of teaching hypothesis” that merit pay was inapplicable in educational settings due to the inherent contradictions between market accountability and professional accountability.  \nOriginality/Value: Policymakers and school administrators had been misled by the neoliberal initiative of borrowing merit pay into educational settings to promote the quality of teaching. Our findings provided strong evidence to refute this hypothesis and to restore the appreciation of professional autonomy.  \nKeywords  \nMarket influence, merit pay, teacher accountability, teacher motivation Date received: 14 August 2021; revised: 24 January 2022; accepted: 8 April 2022  \nIntroduction  \nMerit pay as a compensation increase based on measurement of one’s “performance” has been adopted in public administrations in 80% of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (Dielmann, 2012; Lah & Perry, 2008; Ruffini et al., 2020) . China also gradually embraced merit pay in educational policies to break the egalitarianism in teachers’ renumeration along with the economic reform and opening-up. In 1985, the “structural salary” schedule was rolled out by the government to connect teachers’ renumeration with differed actual workload. In 1993, a professional career ladder was introduced in the “Hierarchical Salary of Professional Technical Post” policy linking tea","cbCaiqTWcDw0VfDt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqTWcDw0VfDt","pdf",498466,24,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Design/Approach/Methods\n## Findings\n## Originality/Value\n# Introduction\n## Merit pay adoption and reforms\n## Critiques and evidence on impacts","[{\"question\":\"What hypothesis does the paper use to explain why merit pay fails in schools?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses the “political obstruction hypothesis,” which argues that teacher unions hinder merit pay schemes from functioning properly, requiring stronger evidence to refute it.\"},{\"question\":\"How is teacher motivation analyzed in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Teachers’ motivational status is examined using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) alongside an accountability typology that highlights power relations behind merit pay.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper claim about the effects of merit pay based on its findings?\",\"answer\":\"The findings support an opposite conclusion to the political obstruction hypothesis, arguing that contradictions between market accountability and professional accountability make merit pay inapplicable in educational settings.\"}]","Why Merit Pay Fails - Comparison of Public and Private School Practices in Shenzhen, China | PDF",1792092807]