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It outlines short-term burdens for examiners, including learning new interfaces, working on computer screens, and ensuring reliable internet access. It also highlights removed paper-based processes and reduced clerical errors. The analysis further discusses how splitting script marking across multiple examiners can improve marking reliability by reducing examiner idiosyncrasies and error-related variation, supported with probability distribution reasoning and illustrative figures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/why-item-mark-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-e-marking/620943/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/why-item-mark-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-e-marking/620943.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What administrative challenges does e-marking introduce for examiners?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Examiners need computer access and reliable broadband, must learn a new interface, and must adapt to new feedback mechanisms and marking rules while working exclusively on a screen.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which administrative burdens are reduced or eliminated by e-marking?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"E-marking removes the need to handle large volumes of paper scripts, reduces postal transit time, lowers the risk of lost scripts, and avoids processes like returning scripts for sample re-marking.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does e-marking affect marking reliability according to the report?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"By splitting marking across more than one examiner, the influence of individual idiosyncrasies is reduced, and error variation is less likely to produce extreme deviations from the true mark, improving the probability of awarding the true mark.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},620943,1792926658,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Why Item Mark?  \nThe Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Marking  \nAnne Pinot de Moira  \nIntroduction  \nThe move towards e-marking has meant some large changes to the long established processes and practices for marking national examinations. Each change has been justified with a business plan and, while there are clear benefits to the awarding bodies, the benefits to examiners and candidates have not always been quite so obvious. By considering the advantages and disadvantages, this report explains why a move to e-marking ultimately provides more reliable marking (see Further Reading: [1]) .  \nThe Administrative Effect  \nWithout doubt there are some administrative drawbacks to the move towards e-marking, but most of these are only short-term drawbacks due mostly to the novel nature of the task. In order to e-mark, examiners need to have access to a computer and to a reliable broadband internet connection. They have to learn how to use a new interface while maintaining the same high level of marking reliability. They are exposed to new feedback mechanisms and new rules surrounding the marking and they must become accustomed to working exclusively at a computer screen.  \nOn the other hand, a number of administrative burdens have been removed. There is no longer the need to accommodate vast numbers of paper scripts or be available to receive these scripts from the postal service. During the marking period, there is no need to post scripts for sample re-marking or to return them to the awarding body at the end of the marking period. This decreases the time in transit, limits the risk of scripts being lost and, at a more superficial level, allows for a less cluttered marking environment. Furthermore, the collection of marks using ane-marking system eliminates most of the clerical errors associated with paper-marked scripts.  \n The introduction of e-marking has some short-term drawbacks related to the learning of new processes and practices.  \n The electronic working environment eases time constraints in the examining period and eliminates most clerical errors.  \nThe Effect on Marking Reliability  \nExaminer Idiosyncrasies  \nAll examiners are different and they naturally look upon the work of individual candidates differently. Standardisation meetings are held to create a common view of the quality of work presented. Unfortunately, there will usually be some degree of subjectivity that remains in the decision making process. In the past, sample re-marking has been used to check and adjust for any examiner idiosyncrasies. Following the introduction of e-marking, although sample remarking still exists as a quality assurance measure to ensure reliability, the need for examiner adjustment has been removed. This is due to the fact that splitting the marking of a single script  \nCentre for Education Research and Policy   \nacross more than one examiner has the inherent advantage of reducing the effect of individual  \nidiosyncrasies and the need to make adjustments.  \nA Little Bit of Statistics  \nFor the sake of illustration, let us assume that each item in a test has its own true mark. Let us also assume that any deviation from this true mark is called error. If examiner standardisation has been effective and every examiner has marked a given item, then the distribution of errors around the true mark for this item should be symmetrical. In other words, there should be as many examiners regarding the item as better than the true mark as there are examiners who consider it to be worse than the true mark. From this assumption, we can devise a probability  \ndistribution of the deviation from the true mark for that item, as shown in Figure 1.  \n-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4  \nDifference from True Item Mark  \nFigure 1 Probability distribution of deviation from the true item mark  \nIt is possible to add the error distribution for each item on a script together to arrive at an error distribution for that script as a whole. If one examiner is marking the who","cbCaik5kBvGcaXJ5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik5kBvGcaXJ5","pdf",717778,"English","# Introduction\n## The Administrative Effect\n## The Effect on Marking Reliability\n## Examiner Idiosyncrasies\n## A Little Bit of Statistics","[{\"question\":\"What administrative challenges does e-marking introduce for examiners?\",\"answer\":\"Examiners need computer access and reliable broadband, must learn a new interface, and must adapt to new feedback mechanisms and marking rules while working exclusively on a screen.\"},{\"question\":\"Which administrative burdens are reduced or eliminated by e-marking?\",\"answer\":\"E-marking removes the need to handle large volumes of paper scripts, reduces postal transit time, lowers the risk of lost scripts, and avoids processes like returning scripts for sample re-marking.\"},{\"question\":\"How does e-marking affect marking reliability according to the report?\",\"answer\":\"By splitting marking across more than one examiner, the influence of individual idiosyncrasies is reduced, and error variation is less likely to produce extreme deviations from the true mark, improving the probability of awarding the true mark.\"}]","Why Item Mark? - The Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Marking | PDF",1792464779,13]