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United States  \nDecember 2007 Written by:  \nTravis Madsen Frontier Group  \nEmily Figdor Environment America Research & Policy Center  \nAcknowledgments  \nEnvironment Michigan Research & Policy Center gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for providing technical review: Dr. Kenneth Kunkel, Director of the Center for Atmospheric Science at the Illinois State Water Survey; and Dr. David Easterling, Chief of the Scientific Services Division at the U.S. National Climatic Data Center.  \nThanks to Angela Ledford Anderson of the National Environmental Trust, Rob Sargent of Environment America, and Nathan Willcox of PennEnvironment for editorial review. Additional thanks go to Tony Dutzik and Elizabeth Ridlington of Frontier Group for research, technical and editorial assistance.  \nThis report is made possible with the generous support of The Pew Charitable Trusts.  \nThe opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided technical review. Any factual errors are strictly the responsibility of the authors.  \n© Copyright 2007 Environment Michigan Research & Policy Center  \nEnvironment Michigan Research & Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization. We are dedicated to protecting Michigan’s air, water and open spaces. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public and decision makers, and help Michiganders make their voices heard in local, state and national debates over the quality of our environment and our lives.  \nFrontier Group conducts independent research and policy analysis to support a cleaner, healthier and more democratic society. Our mission is to inject accurate information and compelling ideas into public policy debates at the local, state and federal levels.  \nFor more information about Environment Michigan Research & Policy Center, or for additional copies of this report, [please visit www.environmentmichigan.org](please visit www.environmentmichigan.org).  \nCover Photos: Main Image: A rainstorm descending on Miami; Nick Tzolov. Upper left: After 18 inches of rain fell in 36 hours, the Nisqually River in Mt. Rainier National Park flooded, tearing away more than 200 yards of the main park road and destroying most of Sunshine Point Campground; National Park Service, November 2006. Middle left: Heavy rain in January 2005 flooded the Saline River in Gallatin County, Illinois, which was declared a disaster area by state officials; Tracy Felty, c/o National Weather Service; Lower left: A driver and his vehicle stuck in floodwaters; Bart Sadowski.  \nLayout: Moebius Creative  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive Summary  .............................................. 4  \nIntroduction  .................................................... 9  \nHow Scientists Expect Global Warming to Alter Precipitation Patterns  ........ 11  \nMore Intense Precipitation  ................................................ 1 1  \nGreater Annual Precipitation, Except in the Southwestern U  . S  ....................... 13  \nMore Precipitation Falling as Rain Rather than Snow  ............................. 14  \nIncreased Drought  ...................................................... 14  \nStorms with Extreme Precipitation are Becoming Increasingly Common Across Most of America  .......................... 17  \nExtreme Precipitation Has Become More Frequent Over the Last 60 Years  ............. 18  \nThese Results Are Consistent with Previous Research  ............................. 22  \nImplications of Increasingly Frequent Storms with Extreme Precipitation  ............... 25  \nConclusions and Policy Recommendations  ............................ 28  \nEstablish Mandatory Limits on Emissions of Global Warming Pollution  ................ 28  \nAuction 100 Percent of Emission Allowances Under Any Cap-and Trade Program  ........ 29  \nAdopt Policies to Improve Energy Efficiency and Incr","cbCaiktW0Dc5I4YP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiktW0Dc5I4YP","pdf",1728327,48,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Introduction\n## How Scientists Expect Global Warming to Alter Precipitation Patterns\n## Implications of Increasingly Frequent Storms with Extreme Precipitation\n## Conclusions and Policy Recommendations\n## Methodology\n## Appendices","[{\"question\":\"What does the report examine about extreme precipitation?\",\"answer\":\"The report evaluates trends in the frequency of storms with extreme levels of rainfall or snowfall across the contiguous United States over the last 60 years.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and time period does the analysis use?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes daily precipitation records from 1948 through 2006 from more than 3,000 weather stations across 48 states.\"},{\"question\":\"What main finding does the report report about extreme storms?\",\"answer\":\"Storms with extreme amounts of rain or snowfall are happening more often across most of America, aligning with the expected impacts of global warming.\"}]","When It Rains, It Pours - Global Warming and the Rising Frequency of Extreme Precipitation in the United States | PDF",121]