[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-128687-en":3,"doc-seo-128687-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":96},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},128687,962084928432,"Emma Wilson","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","When do drugs trigger criminal behavior? a machine learning analysis of offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder","Comorbid substance use disorder is linked to elevated violence risk in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This study uses supervised machine learning to identify the most distinguishing factors between offending and non-offending patients sharing SSD and comorbid substance use disorder. In a sample of 269 offenders and 184 non-offenders, failures during opening events and non-compliance with medication history emerged as leading discriminators. Findings highlight treatment-related differences and support improving access and continuity of care in this population.","Zurich Open Repository and Archive  \nUniversity of Zurich  \nUniversity Library Strickhofstrasse 39  \nCH-8057 Zurich [www.zora.uzh.ch](www.zora.uzh.ch)  \nYear: 2024  \nWhen do drugs trigger criminal behavior? a machine learning analysis of offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder  \nBender, Ewa-Maria ; Machetanz, Lena ; von Känel, Roland ; Euler, Sebastian ; Kirchebner, Johannes ; Günther,  \nMoritz Philipp  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356843](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356843)  \nPosted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: [https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-265543](https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-265543)  \nJournal Article Published Version  \nThe following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.  \nOriginally published at:  \nBender, Ewa-Maria; Machetanz, Lena; von Känel, Roland; Euler, Sebastian; Kirchebner, Johannes; Günther, Moritz Philipp (2024) . When do drugs trigger criminal behavior? a machine learning analysis of offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15:1356843 .  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356843](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356843)  \nTYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 07 March 2024  \nDOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356843  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nGiovanna Parmigiani,  \nSapienza University of Rome, Italy  \nREVIEWED BY  \nValentin Matei,  \nCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania  \nMarta Bosia,  \nVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Lena Machetanz  \n lena. machetanz@pukzh. ch Johannes Kirchebner  \njohannes. kirchebner@pukzh. ch Moritz Philipp Günther  \n [moritzphilipp.guenther@usz.ch](moritzphilipp.guenther@usz.ch)  \nRECEIVED 16 December 2023  \nACCEPTED 14 February 2024  \nPUBLISHED 07 March 2024  \nCITATION  \nBender E-M, Machetanz L, von Känel R, Euler S, Kirchebner J and Günther MP (2024) When do drugs trigger criminal behavior? a machine learning analysis of offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder.  \nFront. Psychiatry 15:1356843 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356843  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Bender, Machetanz, von Känel, Euler, Kirchebner and Günther. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nWhen do drugs trigger criminal behavior? a machine learning analysis of offenders and nonoffenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder  \nEwa-Maria Bender 1, Lena Machetanz 2*, Roland von Känel 1, Sebastian Euler 1, Johannes Kirchebner 2*  \nand Moritz Philipp Günther 1,3*  \n1 Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2 Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Privatklinik Meiringen, Willigen,  \nMeiringen, Switzerland  \nIntroduction: Comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) is linked to a higher risk of violence in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) . The objective of this study is to explore the most distinguishing factors between offending and non-offending patients diagnosed with SSD and comorbid SUD using supervised machine learning.  \nMethods: A total of 269 offender patients and 184 non-offender patients, all diagnosed with SSD and SUD, were assessed using supervised machine learning algorithms.  \nResults: Failures during opening, referring to rule violations during a permitted temporary leave from an inpatient ward or during the open","cbCaijn8XgzjjQ1B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijn8XgzjjQ1B","pdf",465076,2,1,9,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Violence risk in schizophrenia spectrum disorder\n## Role of substance use disorder and ongoing debate\n# Methods\n## Study design and supervised machine learning approach\n# Results\n## Key differentiating factors between groups\n# Discussion\n## Implications for treatment access and future research","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To explore the most distinguishing factors between offending and non-offending patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder with comorbid substance use disorder, using supervised machine learning.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients were included and how were groups defined?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed 269 offender patients and 184 non-offender patients, all diagnosed with SSD and comorbid substance use disorder.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors most strongly differentiated offenders from non-offenders?\",\"answer\":\"Failures during opening related to rule violations during temporary leave or ward opening were the most influential factor, followed closely by non-compliance with medication in the psychiatric history.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the discussion conclude and what future research is suggested?\",\"answer\":\"The results emphasize treatment-related differences and indicate potential improvements in access and maintenance of treatment. Further research is warranted to explore the relationship between social isolation and delinquency in this population.\"}]","When do drugs trigger criminal behavior? a machine learning analysis of offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder | PDF",1786002660,23,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":91,"head_meta":93,"extra_data":95,"updated_unix":29},"when-do-drugs-trigger-criminal-behavior-a-machine-learning-analysis-of-offenders-and-non-offenders-with-schizophrenia-and-comorbid-substance-use-disorder","",{"@graph":37,"@context":90},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,48,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/when-do-drugs-trigger-criminal-behavior-a-machine-learning-analysis-of-offenders-and-non-offenders-with-schizophrenia-and-comorbid-substance-use-disorder/128687/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-23","2026-08-06",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82,86],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"To explore the most distinguishing factors between offending and non-offending patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder with comorbid substance use disorder, using supervised machine learning.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How many patients were included and how were groups defined?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The study assessed 269 offender patients and 184 non-offender patients, all diagnosed with SSD and comorbid substance use disorder.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which factors most strongly differentiated offenders from non-offenders?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Failures during opening related to rule violations during temporary leave or ward opening were the most influential factor, followed closely by non-compliance with medication in the psychiatric history.",{"name":87,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":88},"What does the discussion conclude and what future research is suggested?",{"text":89,"@type":77},"The results emphasize treatment-related differences and indicate potential improvements in access and maintenance of treatment. Further research is warranted to explore the relationship between social isolation and delinquency in this population.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":92,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":94,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":97},[98,102,106,110,115,120,125,128,132,135,139],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},30,"research-report",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":131},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":134},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":138},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":140,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":141,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":142},19,"General","general"]