[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-455549-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-455549-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","when-blood-hits-the-brain-altered-glymphatic-and-dural-lymphatic-function-after-surface-bleeds","When blood hits the brain - altered glymphatic and dural lymphatic function after surface bleeds","","Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) effects on glymphatic–meningeal lymphatic function have not been previously reported. A descriptive observational study evaluates one aSDH patient, three unilateral subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, and three near-healthy controls using intrathecal gadobutrol as a cerebrospinal fluid tracer. Multiphase contrast MRI quantifies glymphatic tracer enrichment, while tracer clearance to blood estimates dural lymphatic function via population pharmacokinetic modeling. Results show modest glymphatic changes after aSDH, marked impairment after SAH, and notably reduced clearance in the aSDH case, suggesting compromised dural drainage.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/when-blood-hits-the-brain-altered-glymphatic-and-dural-lymphatic-function-after-surface-bleeds/455549/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/when-blood-hits-the-brain-altered-glymphatic-and-dural-lymphatic-function-after-surface-bleeds/455549.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",19,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To describe how acute surface intracranial bleeds may differentially affect glymphatic and dural lymphatic function.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was glymphatic function measured?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Intrathecal gadobutrol was used as a CSF tracer, and multiphase contrast-enhanced MRI assessed tracer enrichment.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did aSDH and SAH differ in their impact on tracer results?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Glymphatic tracer enrichment was only slightly increased on the affected side after aSDH, while SAH showed markedly reduced enrichment on the affected side; CSF clearance to blood was notably reduced in the aSDH case.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},455549,1790793819,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Acta Neurochirurgica (2026) 168:3  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-025-06760-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-025-06760-9)  \nWhen blood hits the brain: altered glymphatic and dural lymphatic function after surface bleeds  \nPer Kristian Eide1,2,3 · Markus Hovd3,4,5 · Lars Magnus Valnes1,6 · Are Pripp3,7 · Geir Ringstad2,3,8,9  \nReceived: 2 November 2025 / Accepted: 18 December 2025 © The Author(s) 2026  \nAbstract  \nBackground The impact of acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) on measures of glymphatic–meningeal lymphatic function has not previously been reported. We present a descriptive observational study including a small case series—one patient following unilateral aSDH, three following unilateral subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and three control subjects—providing new insights into the differential effects of surface intracranial bleeds.  \nMethods The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent gadobutrol (0.5 mmol), administered intrathecally, was used as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer. Multiphase contrast-enhanced MRI was performed to assess glymphatic tracer enrichment. CSF tracer clearance to blood, serving as a proxy for dural lymphatic function, was estimated using population pharmacokinetic modeling. All hemorrhagic cases involved unilateral bleeds, allowing within-subject comparison between affected and unaffected hemispheres.  \nResults The series included one patient with aSDH (2.8 months post-event), three patients with unilateral SAH (mean 5.8 months post-event), and three age-matched, near-healthy reference subjects. Compared with controls, glymphatic tracer enrichment 24 h post-injection was slightly increased on the affected hemisphere in the aSDH case, whereas SAH patients showed markedly reduced enrichment on the affected side. Tracer distribution in controls was symmetrical. CSF clearance to blood was notably reduced in the aSDH case compared with references, suggesting impaired dural lymphatic function. Conclusion This small descriptive series suggests that aSDH and SAH may differentially affect glymphatic and dural lymphatic functions. While glymphatic enrichment appeared only modestly altered after aSDH, it was severely impaired following SAH. In contrast, CSF clearance to blood was markedly reduced in the aSDH case, potentially reflecting compromised dural lymphatic drainage. The limited number of cases prevent broad generalization, but these findings offer novel hypothesis-generating observations that may inform future studies on the effects of surface intracranial hemorrhages on brain clearance pathways.  \nKeywords Acute subdural hematoma · Subarachnoid hemorrhage · Glymphatic function · Dural lymphatic function  \nAbbreviations  \naSDH Acute subdural hematoma CSF Cerebrospinal fluid  \nCT Computed tomography EVD External ventricular drainage  \ngMRI Glymphatic MRI  \nMRI Magnetic resonance imaging SAH Subarachnoid hemorrhage REF References  \n* Per Kristian Eide[p.k.eide@medisin.uio.no](p.k.eide@medisin.uio.no)  \n1 Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway  \n2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway  \n3 K.G. Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway  \n4 Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway  \n5 Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway  \n6 Department of Mathematics, University, Oslo, Norway  \n7 Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway  \n8 Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway  \n9 Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway  \nIntroduction  \nAn increasing body of evidence underscores the crucial role of the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems in fluid and solute transport and clearance within the human brain (for review, ","cbCaivVMJAbZmcj6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivVMJAbZmcj6","pdf",2618303,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods\n## Case series with controls","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To describe how acute surface intracranial bleeds may differentially affect glymphatic and dural lymphatic function.\"},{\"question\":\"How was glymphatic function measured?\",\"answer\":\"Intrathecal gadobutrol was used as a CSF tracer, and multiphase contrast-enhanced MRI assessed tracer enrichment.\"},{\"question\":\"How did aSDH and SAH differ in their impact on tracer results?\",\"answer\":\"Glymphatic tracer enrichment was only slightly increased on the affected side after aSDH, while SAH showed markedly reduced enrichment on the affected side; CSF clearance to blood was notably reduced in the aSDH case.\"}]","When blood hits the brain - altered glymphatic and dural lymphatic function after surface bleeds | PDF",1790743398,28]