[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-33898-en":3,"doc-seo-33898-105":29},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},33898,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",9,"Religion & Spirituality","What is Enlightenment？(English Translation)","Immanuel Kant’s essay defines Enlightenment as humanity’s liberation from self-imposed tutelage, caused not by lack of reason but by the lack of resolution and courage to use reason independently. Kant criticizes reliance on guardians—clergy, physicians, and authorities—that make people avoid thinking through obedience, fear, and mechanical routines like statutes and formulas. True progress, Kant argues, depends on freedom for public reasoning, while private duties may require obedience. He warns that prejudices reproduced by guardians block genuine reform.","","cbCaiqDHqKNif7uW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqDHqKNif7uW","pdf",56057,1,6,"English","en",105,"# What Enlightenment Means\n## Self-Incurred Tutelage and the Courage to Think\n# How Enlightenment Spreads in Society\n## Guardians, Public Reasoning, and Reform\n# Freedom and the Public Use of Reason\n## Arguing vs. Obeying","[{\"question\":\"What does Kant mean by “Enlightenment” in the essay?\",\"answer\":\"Enlightenment is humanity’s release from self-incurred tutelage, meaning people use their own understanding without being directed by others. Kant emphasizes that the barrier is not reason itself but the lack of resolution and courage to use it independently.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does Kant say many people remain in tutelage for life?\",\"answer\":\"Kant attributes this to laziness and cowardice, which make it easy for guardians to present themselves as protectors. People prefer others to think and decide for them, so they stay unable to use reason effectively.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does freedom play, according to Kant, in achieving Enlightenment?\",\"answer\":\"Kant argues that Enlightenment requires freedom, especially freedom for the public use of one’s reason. Public reasoning can bring enlightenment, while certain private roles may still require limited restriction and obedience without stopping progress.\"}]",1782217854,15,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":15,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":27},"what-is-enlightenment-english-translation",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/what-is-enlightenment-english-translation/33898/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-06-23",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"What does Kant mean by “Enlightenment” in the essay?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"Enlightenment is humanity’s release from self-incurred tutelage, meaning people use their own understanding without being directed by others. Kant emphasizes that the barrier is not reason itself but the lack of resolution and courage to use it independently.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"Why does Kant say many people remain in tutelage for life?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"Kant attributes this to laziness and cowardice, which make it easy for guardians to present themselves as protectors. People prefer others to think and decide for them, so they stay unable to use reason effectively.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What role does freedom play, according to Kant, in achieving Enlightenment?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"Kant argues that Enlightenment requires freedom, especially freedom for the public use of one’s reason. Public reasoning can bring enlightenment, while certain private roles may still require limited restriction and obedience without stopping progress.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24}]