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Early America  \n2. The Colonial Period  \n3. The Road to Independence  \n4. The Formation of a National Government  \n5. Westward Expansion and Regional Differences  \n6. Sectional Conflict  \n7. The Civil War and Reconstruction  \n8. Growth and Transformation  \n9. Discontent and Reform  \n10.War, Prosperity, and Depression  \n11.The New Deal and World War II  \n12.Postwar America  \n13.Decades of Change: 1960-1980  \n14.The New Conservatism and a New World Order  \n15.Bridge to the 21st Century  \nThis series is © 2011 Student Handouts. For any questions, please visit our website:  \n[www.studenthandouts.com](www.studenthandouts.com).  \nWESTWARD EXPANSION AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES:  \nUnited States History Workbook \\#5  \nTable of Contents:  \n1. Building Unity  \n2. Extension of Slavery  \n3. Latin America and the Monroe Doctrine  \n4. Factionalism and Political Parties  \n5. Nullification Crisis  \n6. The Bank Fight  \n7. Whigs, Democrats, and Know-Nothings  \n8. Stirrings of Reform  \n9. Women’s Rights  \n10. Westward  \n11. The Frontier,“The West,” and the American Experience  \nUnited States History Workbook Series-Answer Keys  \n[http://www.studenthandouts.com/01-Web-Pages/United-States](http://www.studenthandouts.com/01-Web-Pages/United-States)History-Workbooks-Answer-Keys/00-Answer-Keys. htm  \nPage 2  \nStudent Handouts (Order \\#3780974)  \nWestward Expansion and Regional Differences – United States History Workbook \\#5 of 15  \n1 Building Unity  \nThe War of 1812 was, in a sense, a second war of independence that confirmed once and for all the American break with England. With its conclusion, many of the serious difficulties that the young republic had faced since the Revolution disappeared. National union under the Constitution brought a balance between liberty and order. With a low national debt and a continent awaiting exploration, the prospect of peace, prosperity, and social progress opened before the nation.  \nCommerce cemented national unity. The privations of war convinced many of the importance of protecting the manufacturers of America until they could stand alone against foreign competition. Economic independence, many argued, was as essential as political independence. To foster self-sufficiency, congressional leaders Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina urged a policy of protectionism – imposition of restrictions on imported goods to foster the development of American industry.  \nThe time was propitious for raising the customs tariff. The shepherds of Vermont and Ohio wanted protection against an influx of English wool. In Kentucky, a new industry of weaving local hemp into cotton bagging was threatened by the Scottish bagging industry. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, already a flourishing center of iron smelting, was eager to challenge British and Swedish iron suppliers. The tariff enacted in 1816 imposed duties high enough to give manufacturers real protection.  \nIn addition, Westerners advocated a national system of roads and canals to link them with Eastern cities and ports, and to open frontier lands for settlement. However, they were unsuccessful in pressing their demands  \nfor a federal role in internal improvement because of opposition from New England and the South. Roads and canals remained the province of the states until the passage of the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916.  \nThe position of the federal government at this time was greatly strengthened by several Supreme Court decisions. A committed Federalist, John Marshall of Virginia, became chief justice in 1801 an","cbCaioYdJ14c0RIJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioYdJ14c0RIJ","pdf",691886,22,"English","# Building Unity\n# Questions","[{\"question\":\"How did the War of 1812 function as described in the workbook?\",\"answer\":\"It is described as a second war of independence that confirmed the American break with England. Its conclusion helped eliminate difficulties the young republic faced since the Revolution.\"},{\"question\":\"What policy did congressional leaders Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun urge?\",\"answer\":\"They urged a protectionism policy, including restrictions on imported goods to foster the development of American industry.\"},{\"question\":\"Which Supreme Court decision in 1803 established the Court’s right to review the constitutionality of laws?\",\"answer\":\"Marbury v. Madison (1803) decisively established the right of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws.\"}]","Westward Expansion and Regional Differences - United States History Workbook #5 - Student Handouts | PDF",1792383987,55]