[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108776-en":3,"doc-seo-108776-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108776,1099514067438,"River Wang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542",8,"Research & Report","Western & Central Africa Education Strategy: Financing Background Paper","Background paper prepared for the World Bank’s AFW Education Strategy 2022–2025, presenting analytical findings on education financing across Western and Central Africa. It examines macro-fiscal constraints, explains persistent challenges in adequacy, equity, and efficiency, and evaluates whether universal quality basic education is feasible using fiscal space analysis. The note proposes policy options to create fiscal space and improve spending efficiency, including increased education allocations, efficiency gains, and stronger domestic resource mobilization, ending with region-focused recommendations.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nWESTERN & CENTRAL AFRICA EDUCATION STRATEGY: FINANCING BACKGROUND PAPER  \nAUTHORS  \nYevgeniya Savchenko (Senior Economist)  \nSteve Loris Gui-Diby (Senior Economist) Melissa Ann Adelman (Senior Economist) Xun Yan (Economist)  \nKarishma Silva (Consultant Economist)  \nStandard Disclaimer:  \nThis background note was prepared for the World Bank’s AFW Education Strategy 2022-2025. It is made available here to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper, therefore, has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nCopyright Statement:  \nThe material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.  \nFor permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, [http://www.copyright.com/](http://www.copyright.com/) .  \nAll other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of  \nthe Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nContents  \nAcknowledgements............................................................................................................................6  \nAbbreviations ....................................................................................................................................7  \n1. Macro-fiscal context.......................................................................................................................8  \n2. Motivation ...................................................................................................................................10  \n3. Education financing: persistent challenges with adequacy, equity, and efficiency ..........................11  \n4. Is achieving universal, quality basic education feasible? Fiscal space analysis.................................17  \n5. Policy options to create fiscal space and improve the efficiency of spending ..................................22  \nCreating fiscal space and increasing education allocations ................................................................... 22  \nIncreasing the efficiency of spending ..................................................................................................... 23  \nImproving domestic resource mobilization ............................................................................................ 25  \n6. Recommendations for the region..................................................................................................27  \nAppendix 1. Regional long term macro-fiscal pattern—range and mean ............................................29  \nAppendix 2. Selected economic indicators of AFW countries, 2021....................................................30  \nAppendix 3. Education spending ","cbCaijAhMqr3lnu4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijAhMqr3lnu4","pdf",1213142,3,1,39,"English","en",105,"# Acknowledgements\n# Abbreviations\n# Macro-fiscal context\n# Motivation\n# Education financing: persistent challenges with adequacy, equity, and efficiency\n# Is achieving universal, quality basic education feasible? Fiscal space analysis\n## Creating fiscal space and increasing education allocations\n## Increasing the efficiency of spending\n## Improving domestic resource mobilization\n# Recommendations for the region\n# Appendix 1. Regional long term macro-fiscal pattern—range and mean\n# Appendix 2. Selected economic indicators of AFW countries, 2021\n# Appendix 3. Education spending allocation and execution in AFW countries\n# Appendix 4. Sovereign credit default ratings for long term debt\n# Appendix 5. PEFA ratings for AFW countries, 2016–21\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the background paper for the AFW Education Strategy?\",\"answer\":\"The paper communicates analytical results to support the World Bank’s AFW Education Strategy 2022–2025, focusing on education financing in Western and Central Africa and the implications for policy.\"},{\"question\":\"Which education financing challenges does the paper address?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes persistent challenges related to adequacy, equity, and efficiency in education financing across AFW countries.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper propose to create fiscal space and improve education spending?\",\"answer\":\"It presents policy options including creating fiscal space and increasing education allocations, improving the efficiency of spending, and strengthening domestic resource mobilization.\"}]","Western & Central Africa Education Strategy: Financing Background Paper | PDF",1784473873,98,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"western-central-africa-education-strategy-financing-background-paper","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/western-central-africa-education-strategy-financing-background-paper/108776/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the purpose of the background paper for the AFW Education Strategy?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The paper communicates analytical results to support the World Bank’s AFW Education Strategy 2022–2025, focusing on education financing in Western and Central Africa and the implications for policy.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which education financing challenges does the paper address?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It analyzes persistent challenges related to adequacy, equity, and efficiency in education financing across AFW countries.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the paper propose to create fiscal space and improve education spending?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It presents policy options including creating fiscal space and increasing education allocations, improving the efficiency of spending, and strengthening domestic resource mobilization.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]