[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109451-en":3,"doc-seo-109451-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109451,5909877438554,"Maeve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272",8,"Research & Report","Western Balkans 6 - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Country Climate and Development Report - Executive Summary","Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains macroeconomic stability despite major shocks, yet its development path brings severe environmental and health costs driven by fossil-fuel reliance. Air pollution levels are high, mortality linked to air quality is far above the EU average, and carbon intensity is nearly three times the EU level. Economic stability is partly supported by lignite electricity exports, but aging infrastructure and declining coal reserves raise risks. Climate policy progress is shaped by international commitments, while institutional capacity, adaptation coverage, coordination, and human-capital constraints limit implementation. Natural hazards including floods, wildfires, and heat waves threaten key sectors and could materially reduce GDP without adaptive investment.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nEUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  \nWorld Bank Group  \nOctober 2024  \nExecutive summary  \nBosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has maintained economic stability in the past decade despite significant shocks, but its development has come with major environmental and health impacts. BiH has maintained stable macroeconomic conditions, even during the COVID-19 and post-COVID periods, with single-digit inflation, fiscal surpluses, and low external current account deficits . Its reliance on fossil fuel technologies, however, has had devastating natural and human health consequences . The cities in BiH are hotspots for air pollution, with low air quality standards leading to related mortality rates being 140 percent higher than the European Union (EU) average. It is the second highest emitter in the six Western Balkan countries (WB6), accounting for 22 percent of the total emissions of the region. BiH is one of the most carbonand energy-intensive nations in Europe, with a carbon intensity almost three times the EU average. The high energy intensity indicates an economy highly reliant on energy for its development, which exacerbates energy poverty concerns for disadvantaged households . Part of BiH’s economic stability can be attributed to its energy exports of cheap, lignite-fired electricity, but aging infrastructure and declining coal reserves present concerns about the future viability of this industry. Together, these negative environmental and health impacts highlight the need for a green transition, but strategic implementation is necessary to ensure that this is a Just Transition for all.  \nExternal drivers and international commitments shape BiH’s climate change policies, but further progress is needed to step up the country’s climate ambition as well as its capacity to actualize this ambition. The country is party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, and as it is a contracting party to the Energy Community Treaty, BiH has committed to harmonizing its energy and climate legislation with the EU Acquis communautaire, thus contributing to the ambition of continent-wide climate neutrality. BiH has explicitly listed a “net zero by 2050” objective in its draft National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), but this has not yet been included in any primary legislation. Long-term strategies outline BiH’s commitment to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the legal bases for this action are being developed and enacted at the entities’ level. Regarding adaptation, while work has been done to understand the potential flood risk and adaptation measures, little has been done for other climate and environmental risks . According to the World Bank’s Climate Change Institutional Assessment (CCIA), while BiH’s public finance and accountability measures are more advanced than most WB6 countries, its overall institutional maturity in addressing climate change is still nascent. While individual institutions address specific aspects of climate action, coordination between ministries and political entities is lacking. The importance of human capital should also be highlighted, as low educational outcomes and persistent inequalities in education undermine BiH’s ability to smoothly implement a green transition. Developing its human capital will be critical in ensuring it has the skills necessary to respond to changing demands on the path toward net zero.  \nBiH is exposed to several natural hazards due to its geographical location and climate. These hazards, including floods, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and heat waves, have significantly impacted the nation over the past few years. Notably, the devastating floods of 2014, caused by record-breaking rainfall, impacted 1 million people across 70 administrative units, resulting in 25 fataliti","cbCaia6Vvftzws7L","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia6Vvftzws7L","pdf",281785,4,1,6,"English","en",105,"# Executive summary\n## Macroeconomic stability and environmental/health impacts\n## Climate policy drivers and implementation gaps\n## Natural hazards and sector risks","[{\"question\":\"Why does the report emphasize environmental and health impacts in Bosnia and Herzegovina despite economic stability?\",\"answer\":\"It links stability to fossil-fuel technologies that drive major health outcomes, especially air pollution with mortality rates far above the EU average, alongside high carbon and energy intensity.\"},{\"question\":\"What national climate ambition commitments does the report describe, and what gaps remain?\",\"answer\":\"BiH is party to the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement and has a draft NECP with a “net zero by 2050” objective, but it is not yet included in primary legislation. Progress on capacity and adaptation coverage is also limited.\"},{\"question\":\"Which natural hazards are highlighted, and how do they affect the economy?\",\"answer\":\"Floods, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and heat waves have repeatedly caused large damages. The report notes significant losses in agriculture and broader disruptions to electricity generation and tourism, with GDP impacts expected without adaptation investment.\"}]","Western Balkans 6 - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Country Climate and Development Report - Executive Summary | PDF",1784479810,15,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"western-balkans-6-bosnia-and-herzegovina-country-climate-and-development-report-executive-summary","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/western-balkans-6-bosnia-and-herzegovina-country-climate-and-development-report-executive-summary/109451/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why does the report emphasize environmental and health impacts in Bosnia and Herzegovina despite economic stability?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It links stability to fossil-fuel technologies that drive major health outcomes, especially air pollution with mortality rates far above the EU average, alongside high carbon and energy intensity.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What national climate ambition commitments does the report describe, and what gaps remain?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"BiH is party to the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement and has a draft NECP with a “net zero by 2050” objective, but it is not yet included in primary legislation. Progress on capacity and adaptation coverage is also limited.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which natural hazards are highlighted, and how do they affect the economy?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Floods, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and heat waves have repeatedly caused large damages. The report notes significant losses in agriculture and broader disruptions to electricity generation and tourism, with GDP impacts expected without adaptation investment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]