[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109355-en":3,"doc-seo-109355-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109355,4398048949847,"Eliana","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267",8,"Research & Report","Western Balkans 6 - Background Note - Adapting to a Changing Climate: The Case for Urgent Action","The Western Balkans six countries face rising climate-related hazards as shocks and slow-onset stressors intensify under a changing climate. Wildfire, drought, extreme heat, landslides, and flash floods are expected to worsen, with financial exposure growing and risks compounding across sectors and regions. Without climate adaptation investment, annual expected damages are projected to increase sharply by 2050, while adaptation costs remain high but deliver strong net benefits and multiple co-benefits such as improved health and jobs.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nEUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA  \nWESTERN BALKANS 6  \nBACKGROUND NOTE  \nAdapting to a changing climatethe case for urgent action  \nWorld Bank Group  \nThe six Western Balkans countries (WB6) are already highly exposed to multiple natural hazards; in a changing climate, the costs of inaction will be high. The incidence and intensity of shocks— unpredictable extreme events and of slow-onset stressors—are expected to increase. Wildfire, drought, extreme heat, landslide, and flash floods hazard will worsen, and financial exposure to all hazards is expected to grow.1 Worse still, these climate hazards will continue to occur simultaneously, resulting in compounding overall risk and risks cascading across sectors and regions. As highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “Climate change impacts and risks are becoming increasingly complex and more difficult to manage. Multiple climate hazards will occur simultaneously, and multiple climatic and non-climatic risks will interact, resulting in compounding overall risk and risks that will cascade across sectors and regions. Some responses to climate change result in new impacts and risks.”2 Impacts are also very localized, interacting with and exacerbating underlying vulnerabilities and often disproportionately affecting people who are poor and vulnerable; this topic is explored in detail under the “People & Places” Deep Dive in the Regional CCDR. Overall, without investments in climate adaptation, the annual expected damages are estimated to rise to 8. 9% of GDP in the year 2050 (lower bound estimate) under RCP 4.5.  \nThe costs of adaptation are high.3 To counter the growing risks linked to a changing climate, the WB6 will need to consider large investments in adaptation—investments that will come with significant benefits. The undiscounted costs (expressed in US 2020 dollars) of proposed policy actions and investments for adaptation in the WB6 countries include, US$6 .0 billion (Albania), US$6 .8 billion (Bosnia and Herzegovina), US$2 .8 billion (Kosovo), US$5 .7 billion (Montenegro), US$6 .4 billion (North Macedonia), and US$9 .5 billion (Serbia) . Multiple sources of information were used to estimate the needs of each country. A literature search revealed benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) ranging from 1 to more than 100.  \nIn addition to these substantial risks, a changing climate will also bring opportunities. The benefits of action are very high – and would yield substantial benefits across various dimensions. This potential is evidenced by estimated net benefits ranging from US$2 to US$7.1 trillion, according to global studies in low- and middle-income countries depending on the studies’ scope and time horizons; returns are typically estimated to be around US$4 for every US$1 .4 For adaptation measures, these measures could include measures in water efficiency, heat wave planning, peatland restoration, and climate services that exhibit benefit-cost ratios exceeding 10. These investments not only enhance resilience but also generate co-benefits such as improved energy efficiency, better health, job creation, and increased ecological value and GHGemission reductions. Nevertheless, the analysis of adaptation initiatives should be meticulous, given the sitespecific nature of benefits, the uncertainties linked to climate change impacts, and the consideration of nonmonetized elements like social cohesion and ecosystem value. The Triple Dividend of Resilience framework offers a comprehensive approach that highlights the benefits encompassing disaster prevention, economic stimulation, and broader socioenvironmental advantages.5 Such proactive adaptation endeavors, as seen  \n1 Although future risk cannot be quantified for hazards such as landslides and wildfires, both underlying hazard factors and exposures are expected to grow. Modeling work performed by JBA a","cbCaihZIvTKEA7WV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihZIvTKEA7WV","pdf",4459337,5,1,42,"English","en",105,"# Overview\n## Climate hazards and compounding risk\n## Costs and financing needs for adaptation\n## Benefits, co-benefits, and triple dividend framework","[{\"question\":\"Why is urgent climate adaptation needed in the Western Balkans 6?\",\"answer\":\"Multiple climate hazards are expected to intensify and occur simultaneously, producing compounding and cascading risks across sectors and regions. The projected damage growth makes inaction costly by mid-century.\"},{\"question\":\"What hazards are highlighted as worsening under climate change?\",\"answer\":\"The note identifies wildfire, drought, extreme heat, landslide, and flash floods as hazards expected to worsen, with financial exposure increasing for all hazards.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the costs and benefits of adaptation assessed?\",\"answer\":\"The report estimates adaptation investment needs for each country and uses benefit-cost ratios from 1 to over 100, alongside global studies suggesting large net benefits from action and typically strong returns for adaptation measures.\"}]","Western Balkans 6 - Background Note - Adapting to a Changing Climate: The Case for Urgent Action | PDF",1784478976,106,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"western-balkans-6-background-note-adapting-to-a-changing-climate-the-case-for-urgent-action","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/western-balkans-6-background-note-adapting-to-a-changing-climate-the-case-for-urgent-action/109355/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"Why is urgent climate adaptation needed in the Western Balkans 6?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"Multiple climate hazards are expected to intensify and occur simultaneously, producing compounding and cascading risks across sectors and regions. The projected damage growth makes inaction costly by mid-century.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What hazards are highlighted as worsening under climate change?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"The note identifies wildfire, drought, extreme heat, landslide, and flash floods as hazards expected to worsen, with financial exposure increasing for all hazards.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"How are the costs and benefits of adaptation assessed?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"The report estimates adaptation investment needs for each country and uses benefit-cost ratios from 1 to over 100, alongside global studies suggesting large net benefits from action and typically strong returns for adaptation measures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]