[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663565-105":59,"doc-detail-663565-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","water-for-the-world-technical-note-norws5d3","Water for the World - Technical Note No.RWS.5.D.3","","Elevated storage tanks deliver water via large distribution systems or standpipes near water sources and communal watering points, especially where ground storage is impractical due to limited natural elevation. The technical note explains design objectives, required outputs for construction supervisors, and selection criteria for tank and tower materials. It includes a useful definition, sample materials and cost planning, and methods to estimate required storage capacity using per-capita consumption, animal watering needs, and population growth factors over multiple design periods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/water-for-the-world-technical-note-norws5d3/663565/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/water-for-the-world-technical-note-norws5d3/663565.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are elevated storage tanks used instead of ground storage tanks?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Elevated tanks are used where ground storage cannot be built due to insufficient natural elevation and where standpipes must be served from wells using windmills or powered pumps.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What items must be produced for the construction supervisor during the design process?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The process should result in: (1) a site map showing the tank location relative to the water source and community, (2) a list of labor, materials, and tools, and (3) a reservoir plan with dimensions and views.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the required storage tank capacity estimated?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Capacity is determined by multiplying the number of users by per-capita consumption per day. For standpipe systems, an average estimate is 15 liters per capita per day, with additional consumption included for animals if they are watered from the public supply, then adjusted using peak demand and population growth factors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663565,1793229308,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","# Water for the World\n\nDesigning an Elevated Storage TankTechnical Note No.RWS.5.D.3  \nElevated storage tanks are used todeliver water either through largedistribution systems or through stand-pipes located at or near the source orat other communal watering points.Elevated storage tanks are used whereground storage tanks cannot be builtdue to lack of sufficient natural ele-vation and where standpipes are servedfrom a well with a windmill or otherpowered pumps.  Elevated tanks canserve either a large community or asmall group of families.  Elevatedtanks do not have as large a capacityas ground storage due to the need for atower structure to support the tank.  \nThis technical note discusses thedesign of elevated storage tanks andoffers suggestions for choosing theappropriate tank design and construc-tion materials.  Read the technicalnote carefully and adapt thesuggestions to local conditions toensure that the storage meets users!needs.  \nThe design process should result inthe following three items which shouldbe given to the construction super-visor.  \n1.A map of the area showing thelocation of the storage tank in rela-tion to the water source and the com-munity.  Include important landmarks,elevations,if known,and distances onthe map.  Figure 1 gives an example ofthe type of map which should be pro-vided.  \n2.A list of all_labor,materialsand tools needed.  The list will helpmake sure that adequate quantities ofmaterials are available to preventconstruction delays.  See Table 1 for asample materials list for an elevatedferrocement storage tank.  \n## Useful Definition\n\nHEAD-Difference in water level be-tween the inflow and outflow ends of awater system.  \nTable 1.Sample Materials List for  \nElevated Ferrocement Storage Tanks  \n\n| Item   | Deseription   | Quantity   | Est1mated Cost   |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Labor   | 1 Foreman  \u003Cbr>6-10 Workers   |  |  |\n| Suppl1e    | cement  \u003Cbr>Weld mesh 0.15m,5mm d1ameter,  \u003Cbr>4mx 2m sheets  \u003Cbr>Woven mesh 0.2m openings,  \u003Cbr>30m long,1m high  \u003Cbr>Sand  \u003Cbr>Gravel  \u003Cbr>T1mber and plywood for roof  \u003Cbr>Br1cks  \u003Cbr>L1me  \u003Cbr>P1pe,PVC or steel for 1nlet  \u003Cbr>and outlet  \u003Cbr>W1re screening  \u003Cbr>Valves  \u003Cbr>Na1ls  \u003Cbr>Pipe glue   |  |  |\n| Tool8   | Shovels  \u003Cbr>Pliers  \u003Cbr>Wire cutters  \u003Cbr>Wrenches,adJustable and open  \u003Cbr>Mortar box  \u003Cbr>Hoes  \u003Cbr>Hack saw  \u003Cbr>Hammer  \u003Cbr>3urewdrIver  \u003Cbr>Measuring tape  \u003Cbr>Plumb bob   |  |  |\n\n                 Total Estimated Cost         \n3.A plan of the storage reservoirwith dimensions shown as in Figure 2.The plan shows a side,front and topview.  \n## Choice of Storage Tank\n\nThe choice of the best type of ele-vated tank to use depends on the typeof system being installed,thematerials available for constructionand the availability of skilled labor.Elevated storage tanks are useful forproviding water to standpipes as shownin Figure 3 and to large distributionsystems are shown in Figure 4.  \nElevated tanks which serve stand-pipes generally have small capacitiesand are supported by small towers.  Thetowers are usually made from brick ormasonry and have a height of 1-3m.Steel and wood can be used althoughsteel is expensive and wood is lessdurable than other materials.  The baseof the tower should be at least 1.2times wider than the top.  Since notmuch head is needed to serve stand-pipes,the height of the tower does nothave to be great.  Shorter towersrequire less material which reducescost.  Determine the size of the towerdesired and the design which uses thefewest bricks.  Figure 5 shows onedesign.  Approximately 50 bricks areneeded for each m2 of construction.  Ifpossible,use wide bricks to form awall 100-150mm thick.  A design usingfour walls that come together at a  \ncenter point is useful and effective.The base should be well designed andconstructed to ensure adequatestrength to support the water tank.Before designing an elevated tank,con-sult an engineer or someone withexperience in designing water tankbases.  \nTo choose the type of tank,firstdete","cbCaisHh8pRlJhGd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisHh8pRlJhGd","pdf",664377,"English","# Designing an Elevated Storage Tank\n## Useful Definition\n## Choice of Storage Tank\n### Estimated Water Consumption\n### Population Growth Factors","[{\"question\":\"Why are elevated storage tanks used instead of ground storage tanks?\",\"answer\":\"Elevated tanks are used where ground storage cannot be built due to insufficient natural elevation and where standpipes must be served from wells using windmills or powered pumps.\"},{\"question\":\"What items must be produced for the construction supervisor during the design process?\",\"answer\":\"The process should result in: (1) a site map showing the tank location relative to the water source and community, (2) a list of labor, materials, and tools, and (3) a reservoir plan with dimensions and views.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the required storage tank capacity estimated?\",\"answer\":\"Capacity is determined by multiplying the number of users by per-capita consumption per day. For standpipe systems, an average estimate is 15 liters per capita per day, with additional consumption included for animals if they are watered from the public supply, then adjusted using peak demand and population growth factors.\"}]","Water for the World - Technical Note No.RWS.5.D.3 | PDF",18]