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The framework quantitatively interprets differences among LED devices and enables simulation of time-resolved electroluminescence curves to describe current and carrier dynamics, offering guidance for advanced AI-oriented LED devices.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/voltage-current-emission-framework-of-time-resolved-electroluminescence/315606/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/voltage-current-emission-framework-of-time-resolved-electroluminescence/315606.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rowan","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What problem does the Voltage-Current-Emission framework address in time-resolved electroluminescence?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It addresses the lack of quantitative theoretical descriptions that can comprehensively explain and interpret time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) curves.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the framework connect pulse voltage to electroluminescence output?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It maps pulse voltage input to injection current using equivalent circuit models, and then uses carrier dynamics to generate electroluminescence as the output.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why are the delay, rising, balance, and decay stages important in TREL analysis?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"They characterize how current and luminescence evolve over time under a pulse voltage, including delay with no detectable luminescence, luminescence rise to a maximum, a balance-like operating stage, and luminescence decay after the 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Time-Resolved  \nElectroluminescence  \nHui Bao 1, Longjia Wu2, Yanan Guo3, Jianchang Yan4, Ying Wang5, Haizheng Zhong6*  \n1MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.  \n2New Display Technology Department, TCL Corporate Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.  \n3Research and Development Center for Wide Bandgap Semiconductors, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.  \n4School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.  \n5Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU−CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.  \n6MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.  \n*Corresponding Author'[s E-mail: ](s E-mail: hzzhong@bit.edu.cn)[hzzhong@bit.edu.cn](s E-mail: hzzhong@bit.edu.cn)  \nAbstract: Time-resolved electroluminescence has been a central methodology in the development of LED devices. However, it still lacks quantitative theoretical descriptions of time-resolved electroluminescence. By combining the equivalent circuit models of semiconductor devices and the carrier dynamics of electroluminescence processes, we here developed a Voltage-Current-Emission framework to illustrate time-resolved electroluminescence from the pulse voltage as input, to injection current and finally generate electroluminescence as output. The features of different LED devices can be quantitatively interpreted, confirming the universal applicability across LEDs with different materials and device structures. Importantly, the curves of time-resolved electroluminescence can be simulated to quantitatively describe the dynamics of current and carriers of LED operation. In all, the Voltage-Current-Emission framework offers theoretical guidance for achieving advanced LED devices for AI technology.  \nKey words. LED, Time-resolved electroluminescence, Voltage-Current-Emission, equivalent circuit, carrier dynamics  \nMain  \nLight emitting diodes (LED) have been central devices to revolute lighting and display technology1-3, providing products of GaN-LED4,5, organic light emitting diode (OLED)6, and demos of quantum dots light emitting diode (QLED)7. With the revolution of AI technology, there are emerging demands to develop advanced LED devices with high resolution, high brightness, and/or high response speed for AR display8-11, optical communication 12, and optical computer13. Timeresolved electroluminescence (TREL) measures the electroluminescence (EL) signals over time under an applied pulse voltage, while time-resolved current (TRC) can record the evolution of current with time prolonging 14-19. Previous analysis of TREL curves have tried to illustrate the carrier dynamics of LED operation from the microscopic viewpoint including recombination, transport and injection 17,20-25. Equivalent circuit models have been widely used in the analysis of semiconductor devices but have been neglected in TREL interpretations25-29. Consequently, it still lacks a comprehensive picture to quantitatively describe the TREL curves.  \nTypically, the TREL curves of LED devices usually contain four stages including delay, rising, balance, and decay 16,25. Delay stage shows immediate current flow under voltage application while  \nno detectable luminescence is observed. During rising stage, the time-resolved current approaches to a balance state, meanwhile the EL signals rises and approach to maximum value with time prolonging. Balance stage is similar with operation state under constant voltage. Decay stage reveals the features of luminescence decay after pulse voltag","cbCaioPBNI8aiRaY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioPBNI8aiRaY","pdf",1982639,31,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Motivation and current limitations\n## Four-stage interpretation of TREL curves\n# Voltage-Current-Emission framework\n## Core principle: voltage drives current, current drives emission\n## Experimental validation strategy\n# Results (QLED and verification in GaN-LED, OLED)","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the Voltage-Current-Emission framework address in time-resolved electroluminescence?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses the lack of quantitative theoretical descriptions that can comprehensively explain and interpret time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) curves.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the framework connect pulse voltage to electroluminescence output?\",\"answer\":\"It maps pulse voltage input to injection current using equivalent circuit models, and then uses carrier dynamics to generate electroluminescence as the output.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are the delay, rising, balance, and decay stages important in TREL analysis?\",\"answer\":\"They characterize how current and luminescence evolve over time under a pulse voltage, including delay with no detectable luminescence, luminescence rise to a maximum, a balance-like operating stage, and luminescence decay after the pulse.\"}]","Voltage-Current-Emission Framework of Time-Resolved Electroluminescence | PDF",1789905459,78]