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Prior MALL studies primarily focused on built-in apps, such as SMS and recording functions, before shifting attention to third-party apps. The study investigates learners’ intentions to study English vocabulary using two cooperating apps—Ankidroid Flashcards for active recall and spaced repetition, and LINE for daily messaging and group interaction—evaluating which mechanisms influence intentions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vocabulary-retention-via-e-flashcards-aided-with-social-media-background-and-purpose/427106/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vocabulary-retention-via-e-flashcards-aided-with-social-media-background-and-purpose/427106.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mimi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-14","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is mobile-assisted language learning considered beneficial for language learning?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The background explains that studies show mobile technology can benefit language learning, and MALL has demonstrated advantages and effectiveness across different language skills.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What role does Ankidroid Flashcards play in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Ankidroid Flashcards is used to facilitate vocabulary retention through vocabulary recall, space-repetition practice, and active-recall testing.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does LINE support the vocabulary learning process in this study?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"LINE enhances Ankidroid Flashcards use by enabling daily messages and fostering in-group interaction, aiming to increase learning motivation and intentions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427106,1790995427,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Vocabulary Retention via E-Flashcards Aided with Social Media   \n59  \nBackground and Purpose  \nOver the years, studies have overwhelmingly shown that mobile technology could benefit language learning (Abbasi & Hashemi, 2013; Baleghizadeh & Oladrostam, 2010; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Chen & Hsu, 2008; Chinnery, 2006; Huang & Sun, 2010; Jolliet, 2007; Saran, Seferoglu, & Cagiltay, 2009; Song & Fox, 2008; Stockwell, 2010) . In other words, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has already been examined in depth on different language skills and has fully proved its advantages and effectiveness (Baleghizadeh & Oladrostam, 2010; Huang & Sun, 2010; Saran et al., 2009; Song & Fox, 2008) .  \nIn previous MALL studies, the utilization of built-in mobile applications (Apps) has been the main focus, for example learning through short message service (SMS) (Hayati, Jalilifar, & Mashhadi, 2013; Motallebzadeh & Ganjali, 2011; Tabatabaei & Goojani, 2012) and learning through the use of recording function (Gromik, 2012; Hsu, Wang,& Comac, 2008) . In addition, foreign languages have been the most popular curriculum area supported by Apps (Shuler, 2009) . Gradually, the research focus has started to shift from devices themselves or built-in Apps to the third-party Apps (Lee, 2014; Redd, 2011; Wang, Teng, & Chen, 2015) .  \nIn this study, learners’ intentions to study English vocabulary with the assistance of two Apps working together were explored.“Ankidroid Flashcards” is an electronic flashcard App to facilitate retention. This App was chosen because it features the function of vocabulary recall and space-repetition practice, and providing active-recall testing to further ensures vocabulary retention. In fact, as Oxford and Crookall (1990) indicated, although flashcards are very popular with language learners, no empirical testing of the effectiveness of the flashcard technique is done prior his time. Later research on the use of flashcards centered on comparing the traditional flashcards and computer or mobile phone use (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Nakata, 2008; Zhang, Song, & Burston, 2011) but not the effectiveness of using e-flashcards. Nakata (2011) conducted a comprehensive investigation of nine flashcard software for learning vocabulary learning. This study pointed out that existing flashcard programs are limited in their ability to support data entry, increase retrieval effort and promote generative use of target words. Ankidroid Flashcards is a program that seems to fill the research gap and to  \n數位學習  \n科技期刊 第11卷第2期  \n60  \ntackle these limitations.  \nThe other App, “LINE” is a prevalent messaging App with social networking features. LINE was used to enhance the use of Ankidroid Flashcards for vocabulary learning through sending daily SMS and to foster in-group interaction. Hopefully, the active interaction via LINE will add to their learning motivation.  \nIn sum, this study tries to understand whether using LINE-enhanced Ankidroid Flashcards can influence learners ’ intentions to study vocabulary. Furthermore, factors of using LINE-enhanced Ankidroid Flashcards that influence learners ’ intentions to study vocabulary will be examined. Is it the recall design (including “active recall testing” and“spaced repetition system”) of Ankidroid Flashcards aided with LINE that influences learner intentions to study vocabulary? Is it the interaction provided by LINE groups that influences learner intentions to study vocabulary?  \nVocabulary Learning Strategies  \nVocabulary learning helps build basic foundation to successful language learning (Ahmad, 2012; Alemi & Tayebi, 2011) . There are generally two types of vocabulary learning strategies: “incidental vocabulary learning” and “intentional vocabulary learning”(Wu, 2015) . Incidental learning is defined as learning without the intention of doing it (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001); Instead learning occurs through engagement in various communicative activities. In contrast, in","cbCaisevRRQ2nqEH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisevRRQ2nqEH","pdf",118081,"English","# Background and Purpose\n## Vocabulary Learning Strategies","[{\"question\":\"Why is mobile-assisted language learning considered beneficial for language learning?\",\"answer\":\"The background explains that studies show mobile technology can benefit language learning, and MALL has demonstrated advantages and effectiveness across different language skills.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does Ankidroid Flashcards play in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Ankidroid Flashcards is used to facilitate vocabulary retention through vocabulary recall, space-repetition practice, and active-recall testing.\"},{\"question\":\"How does LINE support the vocabulary learning process in this study?\",\"answer\":\"LINE enhances Ankidroid Flashcards use by enabling daily messages and fostering in-group interaction, aiming to increase learning motivation and intentions.\"}]","Vocabulary Retention via E-Flashcards Aided with Social Media - Background and Purpose | PDF",1790642795]