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It provides example patterns for referencing sources (e.g., “According to…”, “A study by… found…”) and supports clarity in argument structure by pairing key linking phrases with positive or negative evaluation words and degree-of-certainty language for more precise, cohesive writing.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vocabulary-for-writing-essays-vocabulary-and-linking-words-list/409651/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vocabulary-for-writing-essays-vocabulary-and-linking-words-list/409651.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"lilac","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What vocabulary categories are included for writing essays?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The document covers attribution/reporting words, conjunctions for flow, modality (certainty/frequency/obligation), and evaluation terms, along with connectors for comparison, addition, contrast, concession, cause, condition, exemplifying, restatement, and time/place.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the document suggest attributing ideas to sources?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It provides structured options such as “According to… argues/discusses/states/shows…”, plus templates like “A study by __ found that…” and “The researchers suggest that…”, to help writers present claims with appropriate framing.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What guidance is given for choosing modality words?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It notes that asterisks mark high modality (strong words) and suggests using medium modality in academic writing (e.g., “often” instead of “always”) to keep tone natural and avoid sounding forced.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},409651,1790693573,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":81,"preview_page_count":4},3985747861865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Vocabulary for Writing Essays © 2010 The Learning Centre, The University of Sydney [http://sydney.edu.au/stuserv/learning_centre/](http://sydney.edu.au/stuserv/learning_centre/ May be)[ May be](http://sydney.edu.au/stuserv/learning_centre/ May be) printed for personal use.  \n\n| Attribution | Endorsement | Conjunctions |  |  |  | Modality |  |  | Evaluation |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Attributing or projecting claims to outside authorities in a specific or general way | Attributing claims with more or less support or certainty | Words that link ideas , helping to create a‘flow’ in the writing. Many conjunctions can be used at the start of a sentence and/orto link two short sentences into one long one.\u003Cbr>See WriteSIte for examples, exceptions and exercises. (WriteSite web address at bottom of this page) |  |  |  | Words which express degrees of certainty , frequency or obligation |  |  | Words interpreted as positive or negative or which intensify meaning of other words |\n| According to  \u003Cbr>  argues (that)   discusses  states (that)  shows (that)   expresses   proves (that)   explains (that)  suggests (that)   demonstrates\u003Cbr>  ‘s argument  ’s statement\u003Cbr> ’s claim\u003Cbr> ’s thesis\u003Cbr> ’s position In   ’s view As {argued} by   There is (widespread) agreement that … There is (strong) evidence to {suggest}\u003Cbr>A number of researchers (  1995;   2003)\u003Cbr>A study by__ {found}\u003Cbr>that … The researchers {suggest} that …   ’s {claim} (that) | [neutral]\u003Cbr>reports states notes describes explains illustrates argues shows finds outlines maintains persuades\u003Cbr>In the view of\u003Cbr>According to\u003Cbr>[positive]\u003Cbr>affirms\u003Cbr>agrees stresses asserts demonstrates emphasises makes clear\u003Cbr>[negative]\u003Cbr>claims\u003Cbr>assumes\u003Cbr>suggests proposes believes in his opinion overlooks | Comparison\u003Cbr>In the same way likewise just as\u003Cbr>both   and\u003Cbr>Addition\u003Cbr>In addition Additionally Furthermore Moreover Similarly and\u003Cbr>also as well besides not only but also besides | Contrast\u003Cbr>However In contrast On the other hand\u003Cbr>On the contrary Instead Nevertheless but\u003Cbr>yet still\u003Cbr>neither   nor even so\u003Cbr>Replacement\u003Cbr>Alternatively or\u003Cbr>or else\u003Cbr>Concession\u003Cbr>Although Even though Despite Whereas\u003Cbr>While\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>NB: Concession words\u003Cbr>allow the writer to acknowledge opposing positions in less powerful ways e.g. {Although} [there are some valid points raised by Smith], there are many significant problems … | Cause\u003Cbr>because as\u003Cbr>so so that since\u003Cbr>Therefore Thus Hence\u003Cbr>As a result, Because of this For this reason in order for\u003Cbr>in order that consequently\u003Cbr>Condition\u003Cbr>unless if then\u003Cbr>in that case that being so | Exemplifying\u003Cbr>for example,\u003Cbr>for instance, to illustrate this such as\u003Cbr>Restatement\u003Cbr>in other words to sum up in summary\u003Cbr>in sum\u003Cbr>in brief that is\u003Cbr>to put it another way\u003Cbr>Time & Place\u003Cbr>First(ly), Second(ly), Finally,\u003Cbr>then after\u003Cbr>afterwards previously subsequently prior to up ‘til now to the present at present first and foremost next | may could\u003Cbr>can might will would has to\u003Cbr>had to should * must * ought to need\u003Cbr>perhaps possibly probably certainly\u003Cbr>usually sometimes |  | occasionally generally regularly for the main part\u003Cbr>very just simply merely only even actually really in fact much\u003Cbr>barely slightly quite almost nearly scarcely hardly absolutely entirely completely totally *\u003Cbr>tends to\u003Cbr>seems\u003Cbr>appears | [+ve]\u003Cbr>important significant strong clear effective main major beneficial valuable relevant logical persuasive valid unbiased\u003Cbr>plausible useful succeeds in  \u003Cbr>[-ve]\u003Cbr>problematic limited unrealistic irrelevant minor unnecessary insignificant biased invalid questionable controversial fails to …\u003Cbr>neglects … dismisses   omits   |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  | always never * | * |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  | seldom rarely\u003Cbr>definitely absolutely by all means clearly of course surely obviously |  |  |  |\n\n• Words with an asterix (*) indicate high modality (ie. ‘strong’ word","cbCaisRzO009cB7D","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisRzO009cB7D","pdf",50474,"English","# Conjunctions and linking words\n## Attribution and reporting claims\n## Comparison and addition\n## Contrast and replacement\n## Concession, cause, and condition\n## Exemplifying and restatement\n## Time and place\n## Modality and evaluation","[{\"question\":\"What vocabulary categories are included for writing essays?\",\"answer\":\"The document covers attribution/reporting words, conjunctions for flow, modality (certainty/frequency/obligation), and evaluation terms, along with connectors for comparison, addition, contrast, concession, cause, condition, exemplifying, restatement, and time/place.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document suggest attributing ideas to sources?\",\"answer\":\"It provides structured options such as “According to… argues/discusses/states/shows…”, plus templates like “A study by __ found that…” and “The researchers suggest that…”, to help writers present claims with appropriate framing.\"},{\"question\":\"What guidance is given for choosing modality words?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that asterisks mark high modality (strong words) and suggests using medium modality in academic writing (e.g., “often” instead of “always”) to keep tone natural and avoid sounding forced.\"}]","Vocabulary for Writing Essays - Vocabulary and linking words list | PDF",1790582790]