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Female adults aged 30+ years with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D \u003C20 ng/mL were matched 1:1 with patients with levels ≥30 ng/mL using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network and a 2-year landmark design. Among 675,079 patients per group, VDD correlated with higher overall cancer risk within 10 years and increased risks of ovarian, cervical, and corpus uteri cancers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vitamin-d-deficiency-and-long-term-risk-of-female-genital-cancer-a-multicenter-real-world-cohort-study/354676/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vitamin-d-deficiency-and-long-term-risk-of-female-genital-cancer-a-multicenter-real-world-cohort-study/354676.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"hdkawk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-27","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What study design was used to assess vitamin D deficiency and cancer risk?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study used a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort design with a 1:1 matching strategy and a 2-year landmark design to reduce reverse causation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants grouped based on vitamin D status?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Women aged 30 years and above with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D \u003C20 ng/mL formed the VDD group, and they were matched to women with levels ≥30 ng/mL as the control group.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main outcomes associated with vitamin D deficiency?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"VDD was associated with higher risk of overall female genital cancer and also with increased risks of ovarian, cervical, and corpus uteri cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},354676,1790522404,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747859855,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 13 August 2026  \nDOI 10. 3389/fnut.2026.1903301  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nGavriela Voulgaridou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece  \nREVIEWED BY  \nZil a Rubab,  \nFederation University, Australia Istikrar M. Hade,  \nIraqi National Cancer Research Center, Iraq  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nChih-Ping Yang  \n [ycp810@gmail.com](ycp810@gmail.com)  \nRECEIVED 08 June 2026  \nREVISED 15 July 2026  \nACCEPTED 20 July 2026  \nPUBLISHED 13 August 2026  \nCITATION  \nYew M, Wang W-T and Yang C-P (2026) Vitamin D deficiency and long-term risk of female genital cancer: a multicenter real-world cohort study.  \nFront. Nutr. 13:1903301 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1903301  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2026 Yew, Wang and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nVitamin D deficiency and long-term risk of female genital cancer: a multicenter real-world cohort study  \nMing Yew1 , Wei-Ting Wang2 and Chih-Ping Yang3*  \n1 Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan, 2 Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Hospital, Liouying, Tainan City, Taiwan  \nBackground: A growing body of evidence implicates vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in carcinogenesis, yet evidence linking VDD to female genital cancers remains inconsistent, with most studies evaluating individual cancer subtypes in isolation using heterogeneous designs.  \nMethods: We conducted a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Female adults aged ≥30 years with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D \u003C20 ng/mL (VDD group) were matched 1:1 with those with levels ≥30 ng/mL (control group). A 2-year landmark design was used to reduce reverse causation. The primary outcome was incident overall female genital cancer within 10 years. Secondary outcomes included ovarian, cervical, and corpus uteri cancers, and all-cause mortality.  \nResults: After matching, 675,079 patients were included in each group. VDD was associated with a higher risk of overall female genital cancer compared with normal vitamin D status [hazard ratio (HR), 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1 .38–1. 55, p \u003C 0.001] . Associations were also observed for ovarian cancer (HR, 1 . 30; 95% CI, 1 .17–1.44, p \u003C 0.001), cervical cancer (HR, 1 . 31; 95% CI, 1.13–1. 51, p \u003C 0.001), and corpus uteri cancer (HR, 1 . 55; 95% CI, 1 .43–1.68; p \u003C 0.001) . These associations persisted across sensitivity analyses and were consistent in both patients aged 30–65 years and those aged >65 years. The exposure-gradient analysis demonstrated a modestly attenuated association for vitamin D insufficiency compared with VDD.  \nConclusion: This multicenter real-world cohort study demonstrated that VDD was associated with a higher long-term risk of overall female genital cancer and its major subtypes. Given the observational design and the absence of a clear exposure-gradient pattern, these findings should be interpreted as associative rather than causal and warrant further prospective investigation.  \nKEYWORDS  \n25-hydroxyvitamin D, cervical cancer, corpus uteri cancer, female genital cancer, ovarian cancer, vitamin D deficiency  \n1 Introduction  \nFemale genital cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and corpus uteri cancers, constitute a clinically heterogeneous but collectively important group of malignancies contributing substantially to cancer morbidity and mortality among women worldwide ( 1–3) . Although these cancers differ in anatomical origin, screening pathways, and dominant etiolo","cbCaih4CxTWwzLog","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih4CxTWwzLog","pdf",492100,11,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What study design was used to assess vitamin D deficiency and cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort design with a 1:1 matching strategy and a 2-year landmark design to reduce reverse causation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped based on vitamin D status?\",\"answer\":\"Women aged 30 years and above with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D \\u003c20 ng/mL formed the VDD group, and they were matched to women with levels ≥30 ng/mL as the control group.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main outcomes associated with vitamin D deficiency?\",\"answer\":\"VDD was associated with higher risk of overall female genital cancer and also with increased risks of ovarian, cervical, and corpus uteri cancers.\"}]","Vitamin D deficiency and long-term risk of female genital cancer - a multicenter real-world cohort study | PDF",1790112900,28]