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This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and analyzed factors linked to deficiency among Vietnamese patients treated with metformin in Vinmec Central Park Hospital from February to June 2023. Vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured alongside clinical and paraclinical characteristics. Vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence was 18.6%, and diabetes duration, metformin use duration, metformin dose, and hemoglobin were statistically associated, with dose remaining significant after adjustment. Patients with long-term use (≥48 months) and higher dose (≥1000 mg/day) showed elevated risk and should receive screening.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vitamin-b12-deficiency-in-diabetic-patients-treated-with-metformin-a-cross-sectional-study/290470/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vitamin-b12-deficiency-in-diabetic-patients-treated-with-metformin-a-cross-sectional-study/290470.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"นรินทร์","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the rate of vitamin B12 deficiency in Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and to investigate factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted and when?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Vinmec Central Park Hospital from February to June 2023, with clinical and paraclinical characteristics recorded and vitamin B12 and folate levels measured.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors were associated with vitamin B12 deficiency?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Duration of diabetes, duration of metformin use, metformin dose, and hemoglobin were statistically associated; after adjustment, a metformin dose greater than the median remained significantly associated.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},290470,1789641752,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104957,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136","PLOS ONE  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nCitation: Huynh DT, Nguyen NT, Do MD (2024) Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients treated with metformin: A cross-sectional study. PLoSONE 19(4): e0302500 . [https://doi.org/10.1371/](https://doi.org/10.1371/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1371/)[journal.pone.0302500](journal.pone.0302500)  \nEditor: Joseph Alan Bauer, Bauer Research  \nFoundation, UNITED STATES Received: January 10, 2024  \nAccepted: April 4, 2024  \nPublished: April 25, 2024  \nPeer Review History: PLOS recognizes the benefits of transparency in the peer review process; therefore, we enable the publication of all of the content of peer review and author responses alongside final, published articles. The editorial history of this article is available here:  \n[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302500](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302500)  \n[Copyright:](Copyright:) © [2024](2024) Huynh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.  \nFunding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nVitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients treated with metformin: A cross-sectional study  \nDatTan Huynh1, NgocThi Nguyen2, Minh Duc Do3 *  \n1 Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2 Vimec Central Park Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 3 Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam  \n* [ducminh@ump.edu.vn](ducminh@ump.edu.vn)  \nAbstract  \nMetformin is a cornerstone medication in the management of type 2 diabetes. Metformin is safe, effective, and inexpensive; however, it is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. This study set out to evaluate the rate of vitamin B12 deficiency in Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with metformin and to investigate factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Vinmec Central Park Hospital from February to June 2023. The clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the participants were recorded, and the levels of vitamin B12 and folate were measured. The rate of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients treated with metformin was found to be 18.6% . Further, the duration of diabetes, duration of metformin use, metformin dose, and hemoglobin levels were statistically associated with vitamin B12 deficiency with OR (95% CI) = 1.12 (1 .03–1. 19), 1.01 (1 .00–1.02) , 1.002 (1 .001–1.002), 0.74 (0 .55–0.99), respectively. After adjusting for covariates, a metformin dose greater than the median dose remained the only parameter associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, with OR (95% CI) = 4.10 (1 .62–10.36) . Moreover, when combining both long-term use of metformin and a metformin dose greater than the median dose, the OR increased to 5.25 (95% CI: 2 .11–13. 15) . These results demonstrate that vitamin B12 deficiency in patients treated with metformin is quite prevalent in Vietnam and that those with long-term use of metformin (48 months or more) and high metformin dose (1000 mg/day or more) are at high risk of experiencing this adverse effect and so require screening.  \nIntroduction  \nType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent and burdensome non-communicable diseases globally, and the pathophysiology of the disease comprises both environmental and genetic factors [ 1–4] . The aim of treatment ofT2DM is to control blood glucose levels in the target and so avoid disease complications affecting the patient’s quality of life and life expectancy [5] . Since its discovery in 1922, metformin has become one of the most prescribed  \nCompeting i","cbCaiaUYQZTGjEIi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaUYQZTGjEIi","pdf",556124,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the rate of vitamin B12 deficiency in Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and to investigate factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted and when?\",\"answer\":\"It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Vinmec Central Park Hospital from February to June 2023, with clinical and paraclinical characteristics recorded and vitamin B12 and folate levels measured.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors were associated with vitamin B12 deficiency?\",\"answer\":\"Duration of diabetes, duration of metformin use, metformin dose, and hemoglobin were statistically associated; after adjustment, a metformin dose greater than the median remained significantly associated.\"}]","Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients treated with metformin - A cross-sectional study | PDF",23]