[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-657314-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-657314-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","visualising-design-exclusion","Visualising Design Exclusion","","‘Design exclusion’ occurs when design decisions prevent a product from being used effectively, especially for people whose capabilities make them most vulnerable. The paper examines how common multiple minor impairments are among older users and discusses effective ways to represent these impairments. The goal is to help designers better understand real user capability ranges so that products can be developed with broader accessibility, reducing exclusion risks.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/visualising-design-exclusion/657314/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/visualising-design-exclusion/657314.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"miraaa_2004","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What does “design exclusion” mean in this paper?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Design exclusion arises when a product cannot be used effectively because of choices made during the design process. The paper frames it as an accessibility failure tied to user capability limits.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Why does the paper focus on older users and multiple minor impairments?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"It investigates how prevalent multiple minor impairments are among older users who are especially vulnerable. This focus supports understanding where design practices miss real-world capability variation.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What disability survey data are used for product assessment?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The paper describes data from the UK government, including the Survey of Disability in Great Britain and the Disability Follow-up (DFS) to the 1996/97 Family Resources Survey, and explains how these can be adapted for evaluating products.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},657314,1792977312,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":123,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":143},962094249165,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN  \nICED 03 STOCKHOLM, AUGUST 19-21, 2003  \nVISUALISING DESIGN EXCLUSION  \nP J Clarkson, H Dong and S Keates  \nAbstract  \n‘Design exclusion’ arises when a product cannot be used effectively because of choices made during the design process. Understanding the causes of such design exclusion is essential if better products, which accommodate the widest range of user capabilities, are to be designed. This paper investigates the prevalence of multiple minor impairments among older users who are most vulnerable to design exclusion. Effective ways of representing these impairments are also discussed, with the aim of helping designers better understand user capabilities, and thus reduce design exclusion.  \nKeywords: databases, engineering diagrams, product data handling  \n1 Introduction  \nStudies show that by 2021, half the adult population in the UK will be over 50 [1] and that similar trends are observable elsewhere. Such ageing populations are known to exhibit an increasing divergence in physical capabilities [2], in general the population becomes less capable. At the same time, the products that we use everyday become ever more complex. Hence, when the demands made by such products exceed the capabilities of the user, then the user will find it difficult, or at worst impossible, to use the product, thus leading to exclusion. As populations age and capabilities fall, it becomes increasingly necessary for products to support a wider range of physical capabilities to avoid the risk of exclusion [3] .  \nLegislation such as the UK 1995 Disability Discrimination Act [4], the US 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act [5] and Section 508 of the US 1998 Workforce Investment Act [6] also provide a case for designing for the widest possible population.  \nHowever, in spite of the need for more inclusive design practices, industry has been slow to adopt them. There are a number of reasons for this: a lack of awareness of the issue; a lack of motivation; and a lack of appropriate design methods. In order to understand this situation it is necessary to investigate the background behind the existing theories of designing for a wider population.  \nA number of design approaches exist that are targeted at specific population groups or impairment types. For example, Transgenerational Design [7] focuses on design for the elderly, while Rehabilitation Design [8] focuses on specific impairment types. They can also be targeted at specific cultures. For instance, Universal Design [9] dominates US and Japanese approaches to inclusive design, whereas Europe has tended to develop other methods, such as the User Pyramid Approach [10] . When combined, the existing approaches offer complete coverage of the population needs, where individually they do not.  \nMoreover, whilst all these methods have their merits, none attempt to define metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of the final product or to provide detailed information to assist the designer in reducing design exclusion. Consequently, a more integrated and practical method is required [11] .  \n2 The Great Britain disability surveys  \nThis section describes data, assembled by the UK government as a means of assessing future care-provision requirements in Great Britain, which may be adapted for product evaluation. These data include the Survey of Disability in Great Britain and the Disability Follow-up (DFS) to the 1996/97 Family Resources Survey (FRS) .  \nThe Survey of Disability in Great Britain [12] was carried out between 1985 and 1988. It aimed to provide up-to-date information about the number of disabled people in Britain with different levels of severity of functional impairment and their domestic circumstances. The purpose of the survey was to provide information to allow the planning of welfare benefits and services provision.  \nAn innovative feature of the survey was the construction of an overall measure of severity of disability, based on a consens","cbCaigLK5xx52nne","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigLK5xx52nne","pdf",572536,"English","# Introduction\n# The Great Britain disability surveys\n# The prevalence of capability losses","[{\"question\":\"What does “design exclusion” mean in this paper?\",\"answer\":\"Design exclusion arises when a product cannot be used effectively because of choices made during the design process. The paper frames it as an accessibility failure tied to user capability limits.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper focus on older users and multiple minor impairments?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates how prevalent multiple minor impairments are among older users who are especially vulnerable. This focus supports understanding where design practices miss real-world capability variation.\"},{\"question\":\"What disability survey data are used for product assessment?\",\"answer\":\"The paper describes data from the UK government, including the Survey of Disability in Great Britain and the Disability Follow-up (DFS) to the 1996/97 Family Resources Survey, and explains how these can be adapted for evaluating products.\"}]","Visualising Design Exclusion | PDF",25]