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Visual-form learning analytics translate learner activity data into visual representations to strengthen reflection and guide necessary changes that enable successful self-regulated learning. A study used photo elicitation to prompt learners’ reflections on self-regulated retrieval practice and quiz-based opportunities, followed by qualitative analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/visual-form-learning-analytics-a-tool-for-critical-reflection-and-feedback/599943/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/visual-form-learning-analytics-a-tool-for-critical-reflection-and-feedback/599943.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does visual-form learning analytics address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It addresses the difficulty of interpreting learning analytics data from learning management systems by presenting it in visual-form that supports learner reflection and instructional feedback.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted to capture learners’ reflections?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used photo elicitation to prompt learners’ reflections on self-regulated retrieval practice activities and quiz-based learning opportunities, which were then qualitatively analyzed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is spaced retrieval practice and why is it important?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Spaced retrieval practice is a high-impact learning practice that involves repeatedly retrieving knowledge or skills from memory in spaced sessions, increasing cognitive effort and improving later recall and application.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},599943,1792190271,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Visual-Form Learning Analytics: A Tool for Critical Reflection  \nand Feedback  \nKelly McKenna  \nColorado State University, United States  \nORCID: 0000-0002-6105-389X  \nBeth Pouska  \nColorado State University, United States  \nORCID: 0000-0001-6059-7863  \nMarcia C. Moraes  \nColorado State University, United States  \nORCID: 0000-0002-9652-3011  \nJames E. Folkestad  \nColorado State University, United States  \nORCID: 0000-0003-0301-8364  \nReceived: 12.11.2018 Accepted: 24.05.2019 Published: 12.07.2019  \nAbstract  \nAccessible learning analytics available from the data within learning management systems, can assist with teaching and learning practices, but often this data is difficult to interpret. Learning analytics, specifically those presented in visual-form, can provide information that supports learners’ reflection and guides them to the necessary changes that lead to successful self-regulated learning. This research study utilized photoelicitation methods to prompt learners’ reflections of their self-regulated retrieval practice activities, quiz-based learning opportunities, which were qualitatively analyzed.  \nA tool, U-Behavior, was created which was designed to extract students attempt data on the retrieval practice activities which were presented to students as opportunities to study the course content rather than as evaluations of understanding. Upon completion of the retrieval practice activities, learners were presented with their personalized learning analytics in visual-form and prompted to reflect on their learning. Visual-form learning analytics create opportunities for feedback and critical reflection for both instructors and learners and improve student learning. Analysis of the visual-form learning analytics and corresponding reflections highlighted learners’ understanding of high-impact learning practices, the realization of intended study behaviors versus engrained behaviors, high score orientation, and a focus on comparisons.  \nKeywords: Learning analytics; Visualizations; Reflection; Spaced retrieval practice  \nIntroduction  \nEven the most basic learning analytics (LA) accessible to instructors and administrators through learning management systems (LMS) offer both students and faculty the opportunity to better  \nunderstand student interactions and intentions. Log data can provide information to instructors, institutions, and students, allowing them to make data-driven decisions regarding best practices in course design and improved student success (Dietz-Uhler & Hurn, 2013) . In learning environments that rely on self-regulation, such as online classes or online class activities,“making effective choices and adaptation of learning strategies in response to the emerging needs from the learning environment are critical features of effective self-regulated learning”(Gasevic, Jovanovic, Pardo, & Dawson, 2017, p. 115) . LA, specifically those presented in the visual-form, can provide information that supports learners’ reflection and guides them to the necessary changes that lead to successful self-regulated learning.  \nThis study utilized online students LMS learning analytics to create visual representations of the students’ behaviors on a self-regulated activity. The visual representations, visual-form LA, were then presented to the students as a tool for reflecting on their learning practices. Visual-form LA consist of the process of representing learner usage data as a visualization. This visualization may take the form of an image, graphic, picture, or any other visual-form.  \nVisual methodologies were employed and the student reflections and visual-form LA were analyzed by the researchers to identify applications related to the use of visual-form LA in online higher education. The findings from this study ascertained students’ application of learning, perfunctory behaviors regarding study habits, assessment emphasis, and affinity for appropriate comparisons.  \nLiterature Review  \nHigh-Impact Learning Practi","cbCaii8a9RtXKypF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii8a9RtXKypF","pdf",845536,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## High-Impact Learning Practices\n## Use of Quizzes as HILP","[{\"question\":\"What problem does visual-form learning analytics address?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses the difficulty of interpreting learning analytics data from learning management systems by presenting it in visual-form that supports learner reflection and instructional feedback.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted to capture learners’ reflections?\",\"answer\":\"The study used photo elicitation to prompt learners’ reflections on self-regulated retrieval practice activities and quiz-based learning opportunities, which were then qualitatively analyzed.\"},{\"question\":\"What is spaced retrieval practice and why is it important?\",\"answer\":\"Spaced retrieval practice is a high-impact learning practice that involves repeatedly retrieving knowledge or skills from memory in spaced sessions, increasing cognitive effort and improving later recall and application.\"}]","Visual-Form Learning Analytics: A Tool for Critical Reflection and Feedback | PDF",1792089732,38]