[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331587-105":59,"doc-detail-331587-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","vista-mediated-immune-evasion-in-cancer-review-article","VISTA-mediated immune evasion in cancer - Review article","","V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is established as a negative immune checkpoint molecule, with roles that extend beyond T-cell suppression to diverse regulatory functions across immune cell populations and human cancers. While VISTA’s involvement in cancer immune evasion is recognized, its mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment require further clarification. The review summarizes current knowledge of VISTA biology, emphasizing its contribution to cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapies, and its potential as a target for novel immunotherapies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vista-mediated-immune-evasion-in-cancer-review-article/331587/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vista-mediated-immune-evasion-in-cancer-review-article/331587.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does VISTA play in cancer immune evasion?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"VISTA acts as an immunosuppressive checkpoint that impairs antitumor immunity, helping tumors evade immune attack.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are the mechanisms of VISTA in the tumor microenvironment still being studied?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Although its relevance to immune evasion has been determined, the precise mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment are not yet fully elucidated.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the review position VISTA for future immunotherapies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"By summarizing VISTA’s biology and its mechanisms in cancer, the review highlights its potential as a target for novel immunotherapies and for overcoming treatment resistance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331587,1791021747,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","[www.nature.com/emm](www.nature.com/emm)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE OPEN   \nVISTA-mediated immune evasion in cancer  \nRaymond J. Zhang 1,2,3 and Tae Kon Kim 3,4,5,6 ✉  \n© The Author(s) 2024  \n\n|  | Over the past decade, V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor ofT-cell activation (VISTA) has been established as a negative immune checkpoint molecule. Since the role of VISTA in inhibiting T-cell activation was described, studies have demonstrated other diverse regulatory functions in multiple immune cell populations. Furthermore, its relevance has been identified in human cancers. The role of VISTA in cancer immune evasion has been determined, but its mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment remain to be further elucidated. Understanding its contributions to cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to current treatments will be critical to |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| its utility as a target for novel immunotherapies. Here, we summarize the current understanding of VISTA biology in cancer. |  |  |\n|  | Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2024) 56:2348–2356; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-024-01336-6](https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-024-01336-6) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nCancer immune surveillance is the process by which the immune system identifies and eradicates cancerous and precancerous cells. However, tumors can still develop through the process of immune evasion, where cancerous cells can employ numerous mechanisms to avoid or suppress attacks from the immune system. Recent strategies in cancer treatment highlight the importance of targeting these immune-evasive mechanisms, which in turn activates the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Namely, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathways have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. However, many cancers remain unresponsive to these emerging therapies, and immune-related adverse events are observed in many patients receiving these checkpoint inhibitors1. These shortcomings reveal the limitations of the currently available immunotherapies as well as our incomplete understanding of the immune mechanisms at play in cancer. In response, there has been a growing effort to elucidate these unknown mechanisms of immune resistance to identify novel targets of cancer immunotherapy.  \nV-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA, programmed death-1 homolog [PD-1H], DD1α, Gi24, Dies-1) is a type I transmembrane protein that acts as an immune-regulatory checkpoint on hematopoietic cells and shares homology with both the B7 family ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the CD28 family receptor PD-1. Like other members of the B7 family of ligands, VISTA contains a conserved immunoglobulin variable region (IgV)-like domain, and this IgV-like domain of VISTA shows the highest homology with that of PD-L1 (22% sequence identity)2. However, the overall structure of VISTA, which contains only a single IgV-like domain, more closely resembles the single IgV structure of CD28 family receptors. In fact, a phylogenetic analysis of full-length VISTA revealed its homology to PD-13. Structurally, VISTA is more highly conserved between mice and humans than all other members  \nof the B7 family are, with 76% sequence identity and up to 91% identity of the cytoplasmic domain4. This homology suggests conserved functions, which is corroborated by studies demonstrating largely comparable roles for both human and mouse VISTA5–7.  \nAmong all subsets of hematopoietic cells, myeloid cells, particularly monocytes, granulocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), display the highest expression of VISTA. In lymphocytes, there is modest VISTA expression by T cells but no VISTA expression by B cells2,3,6. In contrast to most other immune checkpoints, which are upregulated during different stages of stimulation or activation, VISTA is expressed by i","cbCaibJzvhikuaIo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibJzvhikuaIo","pdf",1253034,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer immune surveillance and immune evasion\n## VISTA biology and expression patterns\n## VISTA as a checkpoint in cancer\n# Negative checkpoint regulation of T cells in cancer","[{\"question\":\"What role does VISTA play in cancer immune evasion?\",\"answer\":\"VISTA acts as an immunosuppressive checkpoint that impairs antitumor immunity, helping tumors evade immune attack.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are the mechanisms of VISTA in the tumor microenvironment still being studied?\",\"answer\":\"Although its relevance to immune evasion has been determined, the precise mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment are not yet fully elucidated.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review position VISTA for future immunotherapies?\",\"answer\":\"By summarizing VISTA’s biology and its mechanisms in cancer, the review highlights its potential as a target for novel immunotherapies and for overcoming treatment resistance.\"}]","VISTA-mediated immune evasion in cancer - Review article | PDF",1789994204,23]