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This paper examines how a virtual format can support student learning through increased flexibility and a less stressful communication environment. Using anonymous end-of-course evaluation responses from three undergraduate energy-related mechanical engineering courses, findings show students valued the virtual sessions and felt better accommodated than in a traditional setting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/virtual-happy-office-hours-the-student-experience/589294/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/virtual-happy-office-hours-the-student-experience/589294.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are traditional office hours often poorly attended?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper notes limitations from faculty office space constraints, students’ lack of perceived value, intimidation, and low student participation that can even reduce faculty attendance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How can virtual office hours improve the student experience?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Virtual environments provide flexible meeting locations, create a lower-stress space for students to ask questions, and increase instructor availability without physical attendance limits.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How was the effectiveness of virtual office hours evaluated in this study?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Effectiveness was analyzed using student responses from anonymous end-of-course evaluations across three sequential energy-related mechanical engineering courses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589294,1792208640,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","| | Ad | vances in Engineering Edu | cation |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  | |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n2024: VOLUME 12 ISSUE 1  \nVirtual “Happy” Office Hours: The Student Experience  \nSAMANTHA SCHAUER  \nDepartment of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University  \nBoise, ID  \nKRISHNA PAKALA  \nDepartment of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University  \nBoise, ID  \nAND  \nDIANA BAIRAKTAROVA Department of Engineering Education Virginia Tech  \nBlacksburg, VA  \nABSTRACT  \nTraditional office hours are typically poorly attended for a variety of reasons, including the limitations imposed by faculty office space constraints in terms of simultaneous student participation. Virtual office hours are an option for instructors to support their students through a virtual learning environment. Research suggests that virtual environments are beneficial to both learners and educators, offering more flexibility in the learning process. Further, participation in office hours provides a platform for student-instructor interaction, claimed in the growing body of research to improve student learning experiences overall. This paper describes the design and structure of virtual office hours offered in three undergraduate energy-related mechanical engineering courses (Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer) before the COVID-19 pandemic. The student learning experience was analyzed through an assessment of student responses on anonymous end-of-course evaluations. Findings revealed that students appreciated the virtual office hours and felt that they were more accommodated than could have been in a traditional office hour setting. Findings suggested as well that students appreciated the virtual setting more as they progressed through a series of courses offering virtual office hours. Findings from our study can be helpful for a broader audience of researchers and educators in an educational environment that is increasingly online.  \n2024: VOLUME 12 ISSUE 1 3  \nADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION  \nVirtual “Happy” Office Hours: The Student Experience  \nINTRODUCTION  \nVirtual office hours are an effective way of increasing student-student interaction, student-instructor interaction, and student learning overall (Li and Pitts 2009; Lowenthal et al. 2017; Guerrero and Rod 2013) . The virtual environment creates more flexible options for meeting locations, as all parties are not constrained by physical environment (Figure 1) . Online space also creates a lower stress space for students to express their thoughts and ask questions (Hill and Fitzgerald 2020) . As traditional office hours are typically poorly attended, virtual office hours increase the instructor’s availability to students, while also providing a space that has no limit on physical attendance (Li and Pitts 2009; Lowenthal et al. 2017; Guerrero and Rod 2013; Smith et al. 2017) . Virtual office hours can be implemented in any type of course, regardless of subject matter or instruction type, as their design can be modified to fit each course’s needs. The frequency of virtual office hours, and the software through which they are held, are up to the professor’s discretion as to what would work best for their course.  \nThe virtual office hours analyzed in this study were held at a university in the Northwestern United States by one Mechanical Engineering faculty. The faculty held office hours for 26 total sections of three sequential courses: Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer. These courses took place from the spring 2013 semester to the fall 2018 semester, including summer courses. Rather than calling them office hours, they were renamed “Happy Hours” based on an anonymous student comment, with the goal of reducing perceived formality of an office hour setting. These “Happy Hours” were one-hour sessions held on Zoom (video conference software) outside of traditional business hours.  \nFigure 1. Virtual office hours visu","cbCaimnq2CRMsZqN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimnq2CRMsZqN","pdf",440286,22,"English","# Introduction\n## Virtual office hours as an effective interaction model\n# Background\n## Forms of virtual office hours and challenges of traditional office hours","[{\"question\":\"Why are traditional office hours often poorly attended?\",\"answer\":\"The paper notes limitations from faculty office space constraints, students’ lack of perceived value, intimidation, and low student participation that can even reduce faculty attendance.\"},{\"question\":\"How can virtual office hours improve the student experience?\",\"answer\":\"Virtual environments provide flexible meeting locations, create a lower-stress space for students to ask questions, and increase instructor availability without physical attendance limits.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the effectiveness of virtual office hours evaluated in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Effectiveness was analyzed using student responses from anonymous end-of-course evaluations across three sequential energy-related mechanical engineering courses.\"}]","Virtual “Happy” Office Hours - The Student Experience | PDF",1792066917,55]