[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-203424-105":59,"doc-detail-203424-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","views-of-risk-different-views-of-risk-their-impact","Views of Risk - Different Views of Risk & their impact","","Explores multiple perspectives on risk and how they shape real-world decision-making. The material contrasts Ingram’s and Gresham’s laws with four views derived from cultural theory. It explains how people can be grouped into economic “Economic Man” and behavioral “Emotional Man,” then further categorized as Individualists, Egalitarians, and Authoritarians. Each group is linked to distinct beliefs about market self-correction, fairness, resource limits, and the need for experts, rules, and responsibility.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/views-of-risk-different-views-of-risk-their-impact/203424/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/views-of-risk-different-views-of-risk-their-impact/203424.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main focus of the material on risk?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It compares different views of risk and explains how those views influence risk choices and opportunities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does cultural theory structure the four views of risk?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It groups people based on shared concepts of risk, linking the views to distinct beliefs about markets, fairness, responsibility, and control.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What distinguishes the Individualists, Egalitarians, and Authoritarian perspectives?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Individualists emphasize self-correcting markets and limited concern; Egalitarians emphasize delicate balance, finite resources, and fairness; Authoritarians emphasize controllable risks managed through experts, rules, and laws.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},203424,1788560734,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","Views of Risk  \nDavid Ingram, CERA, FRM, PRM  \n© Stanhope by Hufton + Crow  \nThis material represents the views of the author. It does not necessarily represent the views of his employer nor the sponsors of this program.  \nViews of Risk  \nDifferent Views of Risk & their impact  \nCultural Theory  \n􀂄 Four Views of Risk  \nIngram’s Law of Risk & Light  \n􀂄 Views of Risk impact on your Risk Choices  \nGresham’s Law of Risk  \n􀂄 Views of risk of the other market players impact on your risk opportunities  \nPeople are not all the same  \nBut can be seen to fall into some groupings  \n􀂄 Economic Man of classical economics  \n􀂄 Emotional Man of behavioral finance  \n􀂄 Four groups from Cultural Theory  \nCultural Theory  \n“Groups form because people share the same concept of risk!”  \nFirst proposed by Mary Douglas in 1983 Extended discussion in 1990 book  \n􀂄 Subsequent applications to many  \nsocial/public policy risk discussions  \nIndividualists  \nWorld is self correcting. No need to be overly concerned by risks. Grow the pie  \nIndividualists  \n• Unfettered Capitalism-self correcting Markets  \n• Raw Materials infinite  \n– People with more ability should be paid more  \n– Give Companies the chance to prosper  \n– Life sorts out those who work harder  \n• Insurance-Social Security  \n• Strong/informal relationships- low responsibility  \n• Disagreements ok-right idea will prevail  \n• Growth of the company/markets/world  \nEgalitarians  \nWorld is in a delicate balance. Any major change could send things into ruin  \nNeed to tightly limit risks Divide the pie Fairness  \nEgalitarians  \n• Resources finite-must be frugal  \n– If people were treated more equally would have less problems  \n– Govt should make sure everyone has good standard of living  \n– Those how get ahead should be taxed more to support the less  \nfortunate  \n• Insurance-Social Security  \n• Strong relationships & Strong Responsibility  \n• Doctrinaire and uncompromizing  \n• Disagreement-split group  \nAuthoritarian  \nThere are risks but they are controllable. Need to rely on experts to control them.  \nNeed rules & laws – keep things under control","cbCaisfIBLcCduqN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisfIBLcCduqN","pdf",636850,43,"English","# Different Views of Risk & their impact\n## Cultural Theory\n## Four Views of Risk\n## Ingram’s Law of Risk & Light\n## Gresham’s Law of Risk\n## People are not all the same","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the material on risk?\",\"answer\":\"It compares different views of risk and explains how those views influence risk choices and opportunities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does cultural theory structure the four views of risk?\",\"answer\":\"It groups people based on shared concepts of risk, linking the views to distinct beliefs about markets, fairness, responsibility, and control.\"},{\"question\":\"What distinguishes the Individualists, Egalitarians, and Authoritarian perspectives?\",\"answer\":\"Individualists emphasize self-correcting markets and limited concern; Egalitarians emphasize delicate balance, finite resources, and fairness; Authoritarians emphasize controllable risks managed through experts, rules, and laws.\"}]","Views of Risk - Different Views of Risk & their impact | PDF",108]