[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-455576-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-455576-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","vibration-induced-illusion-of-movement-is-hindered-by-acute-stroke-but-mostly-by-aging-a-cross-sectional-study","Vibration-induced illusion of movement is hindered by acute stroke but mostly by aging - a cross-sectional study","","Proprioceptive and visual feedback systems coordinate movement, yet how proprioceptive changes and central nervous system alterations affect vibration-induced illusion of movement (VIM) with aging and after stroke remains uncertain. A cross-sectional design tested 29 young adults, 30 older adults, and 26 acute stroke patients with left-arm impairment using triceps brachii tendon vibration with or without visual feedback. Illusion clarity and direction were quantified via the SKIP ordinal scale. Young and older participants showed higher SKIP scores without vision, whereas acute stroke participants did not. Overall results indicate aging modifies VIM response, with acute stroke further exacerbating impairment, and within stroke a negative age–SKIP relation emerged for no-vision trials.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vibration-induced-illusion-of-movement-is-hindered-by-acute-stroke-but-mostly-by-aging-a-cross-sectional-study/455576/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vibration-induced-illusion-of-movement-is-hindered-by-acute-stroke-but-mostly-by-aging-a-cross-sectional-study/455576.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Noah","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What systems are involved in vibration-induced illusion of movement (VIM) coordination?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The proprioceptive and visual systems provide continuous feedback to the central nervous system to coordinate movements. VIM relies on this interplay when vibration signals are paired with or without visual information.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did the study measure the strength of the illusion?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The illusion was quantified using the Standardized Kinesthetic Illusion Procedure (SKIP) ordinal scale, producing a total score on four by evaluating clearness and direction of the perceived movement.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What did the results show about the effects of aging and acute stroke on VIM?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Young and older participants achieved higher SKIP scores without vision, while acute stroke participants did not. Findings suggest aging alters VIM response, and acute stroke exacerbates the impairment; within acute stroke participants, age correlated negatively with SKIP scores without vision.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},455576,1790847033,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (2026) 38:20  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-025-03247-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-025-03247-6)  \nRESEARCH  \nVibration-induced illusion of movement is hindered by acute stroke but mostly by aging: a cross-sectional study  \nBrieuc Léger1,2 · Pascal Auzou1,3 · Élodie Fourdrinoy1 · Mathilde Sarrazin1 · Sylvine Celot1 · Céline Gay1 · Barbara de Dieuleveult1 · Clara Cohen4 · Stéphane Perrey2 · Canan Özsancak1,3  \nReceived: 22 July 2025 / Revised: 25 September 2025 / Accepted: 17 October 2025 © The Author(s) 2025  \nAbstract  \nThe proprioceptive and visual systems play a major role in daily tasks by providing continuous feedback to the central nervous system (CNS) for coordinating movements. However, it remains unclear to what extent alterations in the proprioceptive system and CNS affect vibration-induced illusion of movement (VIM) with age and after a stroke. To address this, 29 young (26 ± 7 years), 30 older (63 ± 8 years), and 26 stroke participants (68 ± 12 years) with left arm impairment, all right-handed, received triceps brachii tendon vibration with or without visual feedback of the vibrated arm (with/without vision), as it can modulate the illusion of movement. Vibrations were applied bilaterally in healthy participants and on the impaired left arm in stroke individuals. The illusion was quantified using the Standardized Kinesthetic Illusion Procedure (SKIP) ordinal scale, which evaluates the clearness and the direction of the movement, resulting in a total score on four. While young and older adults achieved higher scores without vision, acute stroke participants did not (Youngleft: µ(without/with) = 2.62/0.86, p \u003C 0.001, Youngright: µ(without/with) = 2.35/0.69, p \u003C 0.001; Olderleft: µ(without/with) = 1.52/0.63, p \u003C 0.001, Olderright: µ(without/with) = 1.03/0.50, p\u003C 0.01; Stroke: µ(without/with) = 0.85/0.62, p = 0.23) . Moreover, young participants reported a stronger illusion than both older and acute stroke participants, and older participants reported a stronger illusion than acute stroke participants. Altogether, these findings suggest that aging alters VIM response, with acute stroke exacerbating this impairment. Finally, in acute stroke participants, a significant negative correlation between age and SKIP total score without vision was observed, highlighting the considerable impact of aging even within a pathological condition.  \nClinical Trial registration: NCT06218563–2024-01-12 .  \nGraphical abstract  \nKeywords Vibration · Illusion · Movement · Aging · Stroke · Proprioception  \nExtended author information available on the last page of the article  \n1 3  \nIntroduction  \nIn daily life, information from our body plays a crucial role, helping us to orient ourselves and adapt to sudden environmental changes. The perceived sensations of limb position and movement are made possible by specialized receptors called proprioceptors, which contribute to conscious body awareness [1] . In their review, Proske & Gandevia (2012) explain that proprioceptive afferents originate from various mechanoreceptors located in the skin, joints and muscles. Among these, the sensation of a stretched limb primarily arises from the activation of muscle spindle primary endings, which transmit signals via group 1a afferent fibers [1–3] .  \nExperimentally, group 1a fibers can be optimally stimulated by muscle vibration at a frequency around 70–80 Hz [4–6] . Stimulating group 1a fibers through tendinous vibration generates a stretch signal from the muscle, which simultaneously produces a conscious sensation of movement in the direction of muscle elongation, commonly referred to as an illusion of movement [7] . However, this illusion can be disrupted by conflicting sensory feedback, such as visual input indicating that the limb is immobile. According to Guerraz et al. (2012), each sensory modality contributes to the final percept based on a weighting process, where more reliable sources of information","cbCaikJS0vreLwWT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikJS0vreLwWT","pdf",1844064,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What systems are involved in vibration-induced illusion of movement (VIM) coordination?\",\"answer\":\"The proprioceptive and visual systems provide continuous feedback to the central nervous system to coordinate movements. VIM relies on this interplay when vibration signals are paired with or without visual information.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study measure the strength of the illusion?\",\"answer\":\"The illusion was quantified using the Standardized Kinesthetic Illusion Procedure (SKIP) ordinal scale, producing a total score on four by evaluating clearness and direction of the perceived movement.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about the effects of aging and acute stroke on VIM?\",\"answer\":\"Young and older participants achieved higher SKIP scores without vision, while acute stroke participants did not. Findings suggest aging alters VIM response, and acute stroke exacerbates the impairment; within acute stroke participants, age correlated negatively with SKIP scores without vision.\"}]","Vibration-induced illusion of movement is hindered by acute stroke but mostly by aging - a cross-sectional study | PDF",1790743463,33]