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The study classifies valency structures into one-valent, two-valent, and three-valent patterns, covering transitivity and verb assignment to grammatical subjects and objects. Using a referential equivalent method with powering to distinguish referents, the analysis applies TOEFL listening comprehension exercises drawn from Bruce Rogers’ Complete Guide to the TOEFL Test.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/verb-valency-in-listening-comprehension-practice-of-the-toefl-test/494904/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/verb-valency-in-listening-comprehension-practice-of-the-toefl-test/494904.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does verb valency refer to in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Verb valency describes the relationship between verbs and the elements or constituents around them that serve as basic sentence components, especially grammatical subjects and objects.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the research classify verb valency patterns?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research distinguishes one-valent (monovalency), two-valent (bivalency), and three-valent (trivalency) forms, based on how many dependent elements or arguments verbs bind in clauses.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What method is used to analyze the TOEFL listening comprehension data?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study uses a referential equivalent method with a technique of powering to determine determinant elements, which differentiates referents and helps classify the verb valency structure.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},494904,1792611529,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Verb Valency in Listening Comprehension Practice of the TOEFL Test  \nSisila Fitriany Damanik 1* ---Mulyadi2  \n1 Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia.  \n2 Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.  \nAbstract  \nThis article is about verb valences which discuss the link of elements in language. It is the  \nrelationship between verbs and elements or constituents around them in their capacity as basic  \nconstituents of building sentences. The basic constituents include the transitivity and verb  \nassignment to the surrounding arguments so that there are one-valent (monovalency), two  \nvalent (bivalency) and even three-valent (trivalency) forms found. The data analysis method  \nused is a referential equivalent method with the basic technique of powering it to differentiate  \nreferents. The basic technique used is the technique of determining the determinant elements by  \npowering them to differentiate the referents. This technique is used to sort or classify the  \nvalency structure of verbs in the matter of Listening Comprehension practice of the TOEFL  \ntest. The source of data is from The Complete Guide to the TOEFL Test written by Bruce  \nRogers. As the result, there are verb with one, two and three valences. A mono-valent verb in  \na sentence or clause is a verb form which is only compounded with one dependent element and  \nis the subject of that clause. The verbs with two valences are also found in the exercise. The  \nverbs that can bind two arguments at once and usually the argument is the subject and  \ngrammatical object of the sentence, and both must be attached simultaneously. A three-valent  \nverb appears in a sentence or clause that has a syntactic / periphrasis causative construction.  \nKeywords: Valency, Monovalency, Bivalency, Trivalency.  \nLicensed: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.  \nFunding: This study received no specificfinancial support.  \nCompeting Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  \nAcknowledgement: The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of those involved in the finishing of this article  \n1. Introduction  \nEssentially, the term valency or valence is used in chemical terminology as a statement about the capacity of elements combined with other chemical elements. Likewise, in linguistics, the term valency is also used to express the relationship of compounding elements in a chemical compound, but in linguistics the compound element is the compounding of clauses or sentences building elements in a language intended to provide syntactic relationships (Whaley, 1997) . Valency of verbs of all languages, basically, can be described the form of existence and its compounds with verbs that are compounded or bound to it. This compounding is universal for all languages in the world.  \nThe link of elements in language is the relationship between verbs and elements or constituents around them in their capacity as basic constituents of building sentences, namely grammatical subjects and objects which are attached to or combined with these verbs. The basic constituents include the transitivity and verb assignment to the surrounding arguments so that there are one-valent (monovalency), two-valent (bivalency) and even three-valent (trivalency) forms found.  \nIn verb valency, there are two forms of verb assignments – transitive and intransitive verbs forms. Although it seems that these two forms are the same, but in fact they are indeed completely different. The term transitive and intransitive refer to the presence or absence of a combination of verbs with a subject or grammatical object that can be attached to it. Although the terms transitive and valency are different, the use of the term transitive is still needed in this discussion of valency because the use of the term transitive is caused by the existence of relations with matters concerning the subject and grammatical objects in clauses or sentences.  \nIn this article, the valency of th","cbCaioGXW63QQfuk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioGXW63QQfuk","pdf",159438,"English","# Introduction\n# Literature Review","[{\"question\":\"What does verb valency refer to in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Verb valency describes the relationship between verbs and the elements or constituents around them that serve as basic sentence components, especially grammatical subjects and objects.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the research classify verb valency patterns?\",\"answer\":\"The research distinguishes one-valent (monovalency), two-valent (bivalency), and three-valent (trivalency) forms, based on how many dependent elements or arguments verbs bind in clauses.\"},{\"question\":\"What method is used to analyze the TOEFL listening comprehension data?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses a referential equivalent method with a technique of powering to determine determinant elements, which differentiates referents and helps classify the verb valency structure.\"}]","Verb Valency in Listening Comprehension Practice of the TOEFL Test | PDF",1790899155,15]