[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598063-105":59,"doc-detail-598063-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","verb-errors-of-bilingual-and-monolingual-basic-writers","Verb Errors of Bilingual and Monolingual Basic Writers","","The study examines grammatical control of verbs used by 145 monolingual English and Generation 1.5 bilingual developmental writers in narrative essays through quantitative and qualitative methods. Generation 1.5 learners commit more verb errors overall, showing persistent spoken-English transfer and difficulty with the perfect aspect, alongside weak control of verbal inflection. Results indicate the need for explicit grammar instruction in developmental writing, especially where Generation 1.5 enrollment is large.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/verb-errors-of-bilingual-and-monolingual-basic-writers/598063/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/verb-errors-of-bilingual-and-monolingual-basic-writers/598063.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the study compare verb errors between monolingual and Generation 1.5 writers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Generation 1.5 students make more verb errors than monolingual peers across the investigated categories, with a cumulative overall effect showing bilinguals have statistically more total verb errors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What linguistic difficulties do the writers show in the verb domain?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Both groups inappropriately transfer features of spoken English into writing and show difficulties using the perfect aspect; Generation 1.5 learners also display weak control of verbal inflection.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What instructional implication does the study suggest?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Explicit grammar instruction may be warranted in developmental writing classes, particularly those with large proportions of Generation 1.5 learners, to support linguistic awareness and metalinguistic knowledge for self-editing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},598063,1792190278,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Verb Errors of Bilingual and Monolingual Basic Writers  \nThis study analyzed the grammatical control of verbs exercised by 145 monolingual English and Generation 1.5 bilingual developmental writers in narrative essays using quantitative and qualitative methods. Generation 1.5 students made more errors than their monolingual peers in each category investigated, albeit in only 2 categories was the difference statistically significant. Yet the overall effect was cumulative: The total number of verb errors in the essays of bilinguals was statistically larger than that in the essays of monolinguals. Both monolingual and bilingual writers inappropriately transferred the features of spoken English into the written medium, and both displayed difficulties in the appropriate use of the perfect aspect. However, Generation 1.5 learners also exhibited ESL-like traits in their writing, demonstrating a weak control of verbal inflection. The findings suggest that explicit grammar instruction may be warranted in all Developmental Writing classes, especially those with large proportions of Generation 1.5 learners.  \nThe term Generation 1.5 learners first appeared on the scene of  \neducational research in 1988 in a report on the adaptation of school-age refugees to life in the US (Rumbaut & Ima, 1988) .  \nThe study found that Generation 1.5 students, that is, young immigrants born outside the US but growing up in the country during their formative years,1 although highly acculturated, often lagged in academic achievement, due not in small part to their underdeveloped literacy skills. Despite the distinctive linguistic and educational needs of these learners, it took another decade for SLA and Composition Studies researchers to bring their full attention to the challenges that Generation 1.5 students faced in acquiring advanced literacy skills and to the ways of fostering their academic success (Harklau, Losey, & Siegal,  \nThe CATESOL Journal 29.2 • 2017 • 109  \n1999) . Today, research on Generation 1.5 learners is thriving (Roberge, Siegal, & Harklau, 2009; Roberge, Losey, & Wald, 2015), and it is needed more than ever. In California alone, in the 2016-2017 academic year, 1.332 million public school students—more than 21%—were English language learners, or ELLs (California Department of Education, 2017) .  \nMany of these students are now heading to college. Their academic literacy needs, therefore, must be adequately met to ensure educational success. However, there still exist programmatic and pedagogical challenges in doing so effectively. A key issue underlying these challenges is the debate about Generation 1.5ers’ command of Standard written English and, in particular, grammar. Researchers such as Doolan (2011, 2013, 2014, 2017) and Valdés (1992, 2001), among others, have argued that in the overall quality of writing and grammatical ability, Generation 1.5ers are more similar to native-speaking students than to traditional ESL learners; thus, they are best served in mainstream composition classes, which normally do not include explicit grammar instruction.2  \nOthers, such as Ferris (2009), Frodesen (2009), Frodesen and Starna (1999), Holten and Mikesell (2007), Kies (2011), and Mikesell (2007), have demonstrated that Generation 1.5 learners often retain ESL-like errors even after years of English-medium schooling. While acknowledging that Generation 1.5 students are not ESL learners in the canonical sense, these scholars argue that they benefit from the explicit focus on grammar in composition courses (Goen, Porter, Swanson, & vanDommelen, 2001; Holten, 2002, 2009; Kies, 2011) and during writing tutoring (Destandau & Wald, 2002; Thonus, 2003) .  \nThe present study contributes to this scholarly discussion by analyzing the grammatical control of monolingual (EL 1) and Generation 1.5 bilingual (BL 1.5) college writers over the morphology, syntax, and discursive use of English verbs. The findings suggest that grammar instruction is necessary fo","cbCaijs8FeurZ00y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijs8FeurZ00y","pdf",191946,29,"English","# Verb Errors of Bilingual and Monolingual Basic Writers\n## Generation 1.5: A Brief Research Review","[{\"question\":\"How does the study compare verb errors between monolingual and Generation 1.5 writers?\",\"answer\":\"Generation 1.5 students make more verb errors than monolingual peers across the investigated categories, with a cumulative overall effect showing bilinguals have statistically more total verb errors.\"},{\"question\":\"What linguistic difficulties do the writers show in the verb domain?\",\"answer\":\"Both groups inappropriately transfer features of spoken English into writing and show difficulties using the perfect aspect; Generation 1.5 learners also display weak control of verbal inflection.\"},{\"question\":\"What instructional implication does the study suggest?\",\"answer\":\"Explicit grammar instruction may be warranted in developmental writing classes, particularly those with large proportions of Generation 1.5 learners, to support linguistic awareness and metalinguistic knowledge for self-editing.\"}]","Verb Errors of Bilingual and Monolingual Basic Writers | PDF",1792086216,73]