[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-315708-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-315708-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","vce-biology-units-3-and-4-unit-3-how-do-cells-maintain-life","VCE Biology Units 3 and 4 - Unit 3 - How Do Cells Maintain Life?","","VCE Biology Units 3 and 4 focuses on how cells, organisms, and populations maintain life functions and respond to environmental pressures. Unit 3 examines the roles of nucleic acids and proteins, including DNA/RNA structure, gene organization, universal triplet coding, and gene regulation such as the trp operon. 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It uses photosynthesis and cellular respiration as core examples and includes study of biotechnological applications.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do nucleic acids and proteins contribute to maintaining life?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Nucleic acids act as information molecules that encode instructions for protein synthesis, including DNA structure, RNA forms, gene structure, and gene regulation. Protein structure and proteome roles in biochemical pathways are also included.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which biochemical pathway examples are used to explain regulation?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are used to study regulated biochemical pathways. The content includes light-dependent and light-independent stages, Rubisco, main steps in respiration, anaerobic fermentation, and factors affecting reaction rates.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},315708,1790209185,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},2336478503145,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","VCE BIOLOGY UNITS 3 AND 4  \n• Kerri Humphreys •  \nUnit 3 How Do Cells Maintain Life?  \nDot Point Page Dot Point Page  \nArea Of Study 1 What Is the Role Of Nucleic Acids and Proteins In Maintaining Life?  \n1.1 The relationship between 5 nucleic acids and proteins  \n1.1.1 Nucleic acids code for protein 5 synthesis with structure of  \nDNA and RNA.  \n1.1.2 Universal triplet code and steps 9 in gene expression.  \n1.1.3 Structure of genes – exons, 16 introns and promoter and  \noperator regions.  \n1.1.4 Gene regulation – example trp 18 operon.  \n1.1.5 Amino acids and protein 20 structure.  \n1.1.6 Proteome and enzymes in 23 biochemical pathways.  \n1.1.7 Secretory pathways and 25 organelles.  \n1.2 DNA manipulation techniques 26 and applications  \n1.2.1 Enzymes used to manipulate DNA. 26  \n1.2.2 CRISPR-Cas9 . 28  \n1.2.3 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . 29  \n1.2.4 Recombinant plasmids as vectors. 33  \n1.2.5 Genetically modified and 34  \ntransgenic organisms.  \nArea Of Study 2 How Are Biochemical Pathways Regulated?  \n2.1 Regulation of biochemical 39 pathways in photosynthesis and cellular respiration  \n2.1.1 General pathways in 39 photosynthesis and cellular respiration.  \n2.1.2 Enzymes and coenzymes in 39 photosynthesis and cellular respiration.  \n2.1.3 Factors that affect enzyme function. 43  \n2.2 Photosynthesis as an example 49 of biochemical pathways  \n2.2.1 Light dependent and light 49 independent stages.  \n2.2.2 Rubisco in photosynthesis. 52  \n2.2.3 Factors that affect rate of 54 photosynthesis.  \n2.3 Cellular respiration as an example 59 of biochemical pathways  \n2.3.1 Main steps in cellular respiration. 59  \n2.3.2 Anaerobic fermentation in animals 64 and yeast.  \n2.3.3 Factors that affect rate of cellular 67 respiration.  \n2.4 Biotechnological applications of 69 biochemical pathways  \n2.4.1 Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 and 69 photosynthesis.  \n2.4.2 Uses and applications of anaerobic 70 fermentation.  \nAnswers to How Do Cells Maintain Life? 150  \nScience Press  \nISBN 978-0-85583-8522  \nDot Points vi Dot Point VCE Biology Units 3 and 4  \nUnit 4 How Does Life Change and Respond To Challenges?  \nDot Point Page Dot Point Page  \nArea Of Study 1 How Do Organisms Respond To Pathogens?  \n1.1 Responding to antigens 75  \n1.1.1 Physical, chemical and 75  \nmicrobiota barriers.  \n1.1.2 Innate immune response. 79  \n1.1.3 Initiation of immune response. 83  \n1.2 Acquiring immunity 86  \n1.2.1 Lymphatic system. 86  \n1.2.2 Adaptive immune response. 88  \n1.2.3 Natural and artificial immunity. 92  \n1.3 Disease challenges and 93  \nstrategies  \n1.3.1 New pathogens and 93  \nre-emergence of known pathogens.  \n1.3.2 Scientific and social strategies. 95  \n1.3.3 Vaccination programs. 98  \n1.3.4 Immunotherapy strategies. 101  \nArea Of Study 2 How Are Species Related Over Time?  \n2.1 Genetic changes in a population 107  \nover time  \n2.1.1 Changing allele frequencies. 107  \n2.1.2 Changes in genetic diversity. 115  \n2.1.3 Manipulation of gene pools. 117  \n2.1.4 Treatment strategies. 118  \n2.2 Changes in species over time 119  \n2.2.1 Changes over geological time. 119  \n2.2.2 Speciation. 124  \n2.3 Determining the relatedness 127  \nof species  \n2.3.1 Evidence of relatedness. 127  \n2.3.2 Phylogenetic trees. 131  \n2.4 Human change over time 135  \n2.4.1 Mammals, primates, hominoids, 135 hominins.  \n2.4.2 Evidence of hominin evolution. 138  \n2.4.3 Human fossil record. 141  \n2.4.4 Evidence of human migration. 145  \nAnswers to How Does Life Change and 177  \nRespond To Challenges?  \nScience Press  \nISBN 978-0-85583-8522  \nDot Point VCE Biology Units 3 and 4 vii Dot Points  \nDOT POINT  \nUnit 3  \nHow Do Cells Maintain Life?  \nIn this unit you will:  \n~ Explore the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins as key molecules in cellular processes.  \n~ Analyse the structure and function of nucleic acids as information molecules, gene structure and expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and proteins.  \n~ Examine the biological consequences of manipulating the DNA ","cbCaigCHlnLfK8vO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigCHlnLfK8vO","pdf",7053357,27,"English","# Unit 3 How Do Cells Maintain Life?\n## Area Of Study 1: What Is the Role Of Nucleic Acids and Proteins In Maintaining Life?\n## Area Of Study 2: How Are Biochemical Pathways Regulated?","[{\"question\":\"What is studied in Unit 3 How Do Cells Maintain Life?\",\"answer\":\"The unit explores how nucleic acids and proteins maintain cellular processes, and how biochemical pathways are structured and regulated. It uses photosynthesis and cellular respiration as core examples and includes study of biotechnological applications.\"},{\"question\":\"How do nucleic acids and proteins contribute to maintaining life?\",\"answer\":\"Nucleic acids act as information molecules that encode instructions for protein synthesis, including DNA structure, RNA forms, gene structure, and gene regulation. Protein structure and proteome roles in biochemical pathways are also included.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biochemical pathway examples are used to explain regulation?\",\"answer\":\"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are used to study regulated biochemical pathways. The content includes light-dependent and light-independent stages, Rubisco, main steps in respiration, anaerobic fermentation, and factors affecting reaction rates.\"}]","VCE Biology Units 3 and 4 - Unit 3 - How Do Cells Maintain Life? | PDF",1789905908,68]