[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-269454-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-269454-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","variation-at-phenological-candidate-genes-correlates-with-timing-of-dispersal-and-plumage-morph-in-a-sedentary-bird-of-prey-research-report","Variation at Phenological Candidate Genes Correlates with Timing of Dispersal and Plumage Morph in a Sedentary Bird of Prey - Research report","","Polymorphic regulatory genes in circadian and circannual clocks may shape the timing of breeding and dispersal, yet links between phenological candidate genes and behaviour remain limited and biased toward certain taxa. This study assayed microsatellite variation in CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1 and CREB1 in the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) with three plumage morphs. CLOCK poly-Q was monomorphic, with no gene association to fledging dates, while melanized females laid earlier and showed longer ADCYAP1 alleles. All three genes significantly explained juvenile dispersal variation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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genes and molecular regions were analyzed in the common buzzard?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study assayed microsatellite polymorphisms in exonic and 3′ untranslated regions of CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1 and CREB1 in Buteo buteo nestlings.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Did any candidate gene show a significant association with fledging dates?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"No candidate genes were significantly associated with fledging dates, although melanized females laid earlier on average and their offspring carried longer ADCYAP1 alleles.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did the candidate genes relate to juvenile dispersal?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"All three candidate genes explained significant variation in one or more dispersal measures, including resighting probability, timing of dispersal, and distance dispersed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},269454,1789452145,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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genes correlates with timing of dispersal and plumage morph in a sedentary bird of prey  \nNAYDEN CHAKAROV, RUDY M . JONKER, MARTINA BOERNER, JOSEPH I. HOFFMAN and OLIVER KR €UGER  \nDepartment of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany  \nAbstract  \nPolymorphic genes involved in the conserved molecular signalling of circadian and circannual clocks may play important roles in governing the timing of breeding and dispersal and thereby affect fitness in vertebrates. However, relatively few studies have explored associations between phenological candidate genes and behaviour, and these are somewhat biased towards particular taxonomic groups such as passerine birds and salmonid fish. Consequently, we assayed microsatellite polymorphisms within the exonic and 3 ′ untranslated regions of the regulatory genes CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1 and CREB1 in the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), a polymorphic raptor species with three plumage morphs that differ in key life history traits including lifetime reproductive success. In contrast to studies of passerines, CLOCK poly-glutamine (poly-Q) was found to be monomorphic in 976 common buzzard nestlings as well as in three other Buteo species. Moreover, none of the candidate genes were significantly associated with fledging dates, although intermediately melanized females were found to lay earlier on average than light or dark morph individuals, and their offspring carried longer ADCYAP1 alleles. In contrast, all three candidate genes explained significant variation in one or more measures of juvenile buzzard dispersal (resighting probability, timing of dispersal and distance dispersed). Our findings contribute towards abroader body of work on the adaptive significance of CLOCK polymorphism, while also building upon previous studies that have documented links between ADCYAP1  \nvariability and the timing of migration.  \nKeywords: breeding phenology, Buteo buteo, dispersal, fitness, fledging, laying date, plumage  \npolymorphism  \nReceived 27 May 2013; revision received 19 July 2013; accepted 8 August 2013  \nIntroduction  \nUnderstanding the genetic basis of behavioural variation in natural populations is one of the greatest challenges of contemporary biology. Among the most tractable behavioural traits are the timing of breeding and dispersal, which can be subject to strong selection in organisms inhabiting highly seasonal environments such as temperate birds (Visser et al. 2010; Liedvogel et al. 2011) . The timing of long-distance migration is often consistent between years but other life history  \nCorrespondence: Nayden Chakarov, Fax: +49 521 106 2998;  \nE-mail: [az.nayden@gmail.com](az.nayden@gmail.com)  \nevents like egg laying can vary greatly from year to year as a result of environmental conditions (Gwinner 1996, 2003; Helm et al. 2005) . A mismatch between timing of reproduction, based on stable cues like photoperiod change on the one hand and shifting biotic and abiotic conditions on the other hand, can therefore have serious fitness consequences (Post & Forchhammer 2008) . Moreover, after the breeding season, juveniles need sufficient time to accumulate resources and to achieve independence prior to the onset of winter (Visser et al. 2010) .  \nBoth circadian and circannual behavioural cycles are tuned to external timing cues like photoperiod and temperature (Gwinner & Scheuerlein 1998; Lehmann  \n© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd  \nGENETICS OF PHENOLOGY IN COMMON BUZZARDS 5431  \net al. 2012) . Therefore, both rhythms are likely to rely at least partly on shared signalling cascades. This suggests that consistent among-individual differences may arise due to polymorphic genes regulating perception and reactions to photoperiod changes (Visser et al. 2010) . Recently, a few candidate gene markers have been identified by mining circadian molecular pathways in the chicken genome for ","cbCaiptPmRBl3prj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiptPmRBl3prj","pdf",362701,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Which genes and molecular regions were analyzed in the common buzzard?\",\"answer\":\"The study assayed microsatellite polymorphisms in exonic and 3′ untranslated regions of CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1 and CREB1 in Buteo buteo nestlings.\"},{\"question\":\"Did any candidate gene show a significant association with fledging dates?\",\"answer\":\"No candidate genes were significantly associated with fledging dates, although melanized females laid earlier on average and their offspring carried longer ADCYAP1 alleles.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the candidate genes relate to juvenile dispersal?\",\"answer\":\"All three candidate genes explained significant variation in one or more dispersal measures, including resighting probability, timing of dispersal, and distance dispersed.\"}]","Variation at Phenological Candidate Genes Correlates with Timing of Dispersal and Plumage Morph in a Sedentary Bird of Prey - Research report | PDF",28]