[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-329347-105":59,"doc-detail-329347-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","variability-in-non-tumor-areas-of-colorectal-cancer-patients-as-revealed-by-endoscopic-intestinal-step-biopsies-research-open-access","Variability in non-tumor areas of colorectal cancer patients as revealed by endoscopic intestinal step biopsies - Research Open Access","","A comprehensive endoscopic small and large intestinal untargeted step biopsy workflow was used to compare gene expression between normal intestinal mucosa from healthy individuals and from patients with colorectal tumors. Across 78 participants, biopsies from terminal ileum, right-sided colon, and left-sided colorectum were processed for RNA extraction and total transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptomic profiles from 388 samples were analyzed, with DNA from tumor tissues for whole-exome sequencing. Results show site-specific expression differences in health and cancer-associated variability in non-tumor tissues, especially in advanced (T2–4) cases.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/variability-in-non-tumor-areas-of-colorectal-cancer-patients-as-revealed-by-endoscopic-intestinal-step-biopsies-research-open-access/329347/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/variability-in-non-tumor-areas-of-colorectal-cancer-patients-as-revealed-by-endoscopic-intestinal-step-biopsies-research-open-access/329347.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eden","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main aim of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To compare gene expression in normal intestinal mucosa from healthy individuals and colorectal cancer patients using an endoscopic intestinal step biopsy approach.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were samples collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Biopsies were taken from terminal ileum, right-sided colon, and left-sided colorectum. RNA was extracted for total transcriptome sequencing, and DNA from tumor tissues was analyzed by whole-exome sequencing.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key differences were observed between healthy controls and cancer patients?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Healthy individuals showed significant gene-expression differences by anatomic site, and colorectal cancer patients showed altered gene expression in normal mucosa. In advanced T2–4 cases, non-tumor tissues even distant from the tumor site exhibited considerable variation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329347,1791010709,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1374391974468,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Ikuta etal. Molecular Cancer (2024) 23:249 Molecular Cancer  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02159-9](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02159-9)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nVariability in non-tumor areas of colorectal cancer patients as revealed by endoscopic intestinal step biopsies  \nShoko Ikuta1,2, Yutaka Saito3, So Takata1,2, Yoichiro Nakatani1, Izumi Nagatomo2,4, Satoshi Shiba5, Yoshito Takeda2, Yasushi Totoki1, Sayaka Mizutani6, Hironori Sunakawa7, Hiroaki Ikematsu7, Hiroyuki Takamaru3,  \nAtsushi Kumanogoh2,8,9,10,11,12 and Shinichi Yachida1,8*  \nAbstract  \nA comprehensive endoscopic small and large intestinal untargeted step biopsy procedure was conducted to compare gene expression between the normal intestinal mucosa of healthy individuals and that of patients  \nwith colorectal tumors. From 78 participants (healthy individuals [n = 17], patients with colorectal conventional adenomas [n = 6], patients with Tis–T1 colorectal cancer [n = 41], patients with T2–4 colorectal cancer [n = 14]), biopsies of normal mucosa of the terminal ileum, right-sided colon (cecum and ascending colon), and left  \nsided colorectum (descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum) were obtained using a lower gastrointestinal endoscope. RNA was extracted from all samples, and total transcriptome sequencing was performed. Transcriptome data from 388 samples was analyzed. DNA was also extracted from tumor biopsy tissues and analyzed for wholeexome sequencing. In healthy individuals, gene expression differed significantly among the terminal ileum, rightsided colon, and left-sided colorectum, presumably linked to embryological factors. There were differences in gene expression in the normal mucosa in colorectal cancer patients, compared to healthy controls. Patients with tumors, especially T2–4 colorectal cancer, showed considerable variation in gene expression in non-tumor tissues, even in the terminal ileum distant from the tumor site. Based on endoscopic biopsies, the results imply cancerpredisposing conditions in seemingly normal tissues. The present study points to the importance of small intestine and cancer-predisposing conditions in the colon of colorectal cancer patients, with possible implications for developing novel immunotherapy and other therapeutic modalities.  \nKeywords Colorectal cancer, Adenoma, Transcriptome, Field cancerization, Right-sided colon, Left-sided colorectum, Terminal ileum, Immune cell, CIBERSORTx  \n*Correspondence:  \nShinichi Yachida[syachida@cgi.med.osaka-u.ac.jp](syachida@cgi.med.osaka-u.ac.jp)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2024, modified publication 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://cre](http://cre)[ativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](ativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)[.](ativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)  \nIkuta et al. Molecular Cancer (2024) 23:249  \nIntroduction  \nColorectal cancer (CRC) affects approximately 1.9 million people annually [1]. A gradual accumulation of mutations in the normal mucosa ","cbCainWqb7DORYbs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainWqb7DORYbs","pdf",4187545,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main aim of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To compare gene expression in normal intestinal mucosa from healthy individuals and colorectal cancer patients using an endoscopic intestinal step biopsy approach.\"},{\"question\":\"How were samples collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Biopsies were taken from terminal ileum, right-sided colon, and left-sided colorectum. RNA was extracted for total transcriptome sequencing, and DNA from tumor tissues was analyzed by whole-exome sequencing.\"},{\"question\":\"What key differences were observed between healthy controls and cancer patients?\",\"answer\":\"Healthy individuals showed significant gene-expression differences by anatomic site, and colorectal cancer patients showed altered gene expression in normal mucosa. In advanced T2–4 cases, non-tumor tissues even distant from the tumor site exhibited considerable variation.\"}]","Variability in non-tumor areas of colorectal cancer patients as revealed by endoscopic intestinal step biopsies - Research Open Access | PDF",1789983763,25]