[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-457683-105":59,"doc-detail-457683-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","vapor-pressure-deficit-shapes-the-distributions-of-carbon-use-efficiency-across-siberia","Vapor pressure deficit shapes the distributions of carbon use efficiency across Siberia","","Carbon use efficiency (CUE) acts as a core indicator of the terrestrial carbon cycle by linking carbon fixation and vegetation allocation to ecosystem functioning. Siberia, a major carbon sink, is undergoing rapid climate change that generates complex ecological reactions and increases uncertainty in carbon balance assessments. Yet the spatiotemporal patterns of CUE and their driving processes are insufficiently examined. This study maps CUE spatial variation across Siberia (2001–2020) and identifies intrinsic mechanisms.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/vapor-pressure-deficit-shapes-the-distributions-of-carbon-use-efficiency-across-siberia/457683/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vapor-pressure-deficit-shapes-the-distributions-of-carbon-use-efficiency-across-siberia/457683.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is carbon use efficiency (CUE) and why is it important in Siberia?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CUE measures how efficiently ecosystems fix carbon and allocate it via the ratio of net primary productivity to gross primary productivity. In Siberia, it matters because climate-driven ecological responses can change CUE and thus affect carbon balance evaluations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the study analyze spatial variations of CUE across Siberia?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study investigated spatial variations of CUE across the Siberian ecosystem and used random forest with SHAP to identify intrinsic driving mechanisms over 2001–2020.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which climate variable primarily shapes CUE patterns in Siberia?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) primarily shapes CUE spatial variations, while its interactions with mean annual temperature and shortwave radiation synergistically distribute CUE across Siberia.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},457683,1790813718,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Gao et al. Carbon Balance and Management (2026) 21:6  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00368-3](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00368-3)  \nCarbon Balance and Management  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nVapor pressure deficit shapes the distributions  of carbon use efficiency across Siberia  \nKailin Gao 1,2, Qian Zhang3 and Mingzhu He 1,2*  \nAbstract  \nAs a key indicator of terrestrial carbon cycle, carbon use efficiency (CUE) represents the efficiency of carbon fixation and carbon allocation strategy, shaping ecosystem function and services. Siberia, as a major carbon sink, is experiencing rapid and dramatic climate change, which triggers complex ecological responses and leads to uncertainties in its carbon balance evaluations. However, the spatiotemporal variations of CUE and the underlying mechanisms remain rarely studied, limiting our understanding of Siberian carbon cycle under climate change.  \nThis study investigates the spatial variations of CUE across Siberian ecosystem and employs random forest and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) to analyze the intrinsic driving mechanisms from 2001 to 2020. The results indicate that the annual mean CUE over Siberia from 2001 to 2020 is 0.60 ± 0. 07, with notable ecosystem-specific variations ranging from grasslands (GRA) (0 .64 ± 0. 08) to closed shrublands (CSH) (0 .52 ± 0. 06) . Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) primarily shapes the CUE spatial variations, and its interactions with mean annual temperature (MAT) and shortwave radiation (SW) synergistically distribute CUE over Siberia. Rather than non-significant trends from 2001 to 2020, CUE exhibits significant decreasing trends over Siberian regions under both SSP1-2 .6 and SSP5-8 .5 from 2021 to 2100, with substantial fluctuations within this period. Moreover, under SSP5-8 . 5, CUE experiences twice the decreasing rate of that from SSP1-2 . 6, indicating more vulnerable responses of Siberian ecosystems to climate change under a higher warming projection. Our results provide valuable insights into the dynamics of CUE in Siberia and offer scientific guidance for climate adaptation strategies in this region.  \nKeywords Carbon use efficiency (CUE), Siberia, Climate change  \n*Correspondence:  \nMingzhu He  \n[hemingzhu@bnu.edu.cn](hemingzhu@bnu.edu.cn)  \n1Joint International Research Laboratory of Catastrophe Simulation and Systemic Risk Governance, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai  \n519087, China  \n2School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519807, China  \n3College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China  \nIntroduction  \nClimate change has emphasized the need to better understand the responses of terrestrial carbon cycle to environmental changes. As a key indicator of terrestrial carbon cycle, carbon use efficiency (CUE) is commonly defined as the ratio of net primary productivity (NPP) to gross primary productivity (GPP) [1]. It describes how efficiently vegetation sequesters carbon as fixed biomass [2, 3], and also represents the carbon allocation strategy, shaping ecosystem function and services [4]. Generally, relatively high CUE values imply that ecosystems canallocate much photosynthetic carbon to long-term carbon pools effectively, thereby enhancing terrestrial carbon sink [5, 6].  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, u","cbCaidlnEsJWwKau","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidlnEsJWwKau","pdf",12739966,15,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Study approach and results","[{\"question\":\"What is carbon use efficiency (CUE) and why is it important in Siberia?\",\"answer\":\"CUE measures how efficiently ecosystems fix carbon and allocate it via the ratio of net primary productivity to gross primary productivity. In Siberia, it matters because climate-driven ecological responses can change CUE and thus affect carbon balance evaluations.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study analyze spatial variations of CUE across Siberia?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigated spatial variations of CUE across the Siberian ecosystem and used random forest with SHAP to identify intrinsic driving mechanisms over 2001–2020.\"},{\"question\":\"Which climate variable primarily shapes CUE patterns in Siberia?\",\"answer\":\"Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) primarily shapes CUE spatial variations, while its interactions with mean annual temperature and shortwave radiation synergistically distribute CUE across Siberia.\"}]","Vapor pressure deficit shapes the distributions of carbon use efficiency across Siberia | PDF",1790750139,38]