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The study physicochemically characterizes these byproducts to assess their roles in environmental and industrial applications, including bioeconomy and circular economy contexts. Almonds, thorny endocarp, their mixture, and pequi bark are analyzed for physicochemical, thermal, textural, and morphological properties, revealing notable lignin, holocellulose, lipids, phenolics, and mesoporous structures that support extraction-driven release of bioactive compounds.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/valorization-of-caryocar-brasiliense-byproducts-microwave-assisted-extraction-of-phenolics-and-material-characterization-for-environmental-and-bioenergy-applications/443897/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/valorization-of-caryocar-brasiliense-byproducts-microwave-assisted-extraction-of-phenolics-and-material-characterization-for-environmental-and-bioenergy-applications/443897.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What byproducts from Caryocar brasiliense are investigated in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The work analyzes almonds, thorny endocarp, a mixture of endocarp and almond, and pequi tree bark. These residues are examined for their physicochemical value and functional potential.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which analytical methods were used to characterize the materials?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The byproducts were characterized using physicochemical, thermal, textural, and morphological characterization techniques. These include assessments of lignocellulosic composition, phenolic presence, and structural/morphological features.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What environmental or industrial applications are targeted for these byproducts?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study focuses on environmental and industrial uses aligned with bioeconomy and circular economy goals. Phenolic-rich materials are highlighted as natural coagulants for pollutant removal, while extracted bioactive compounds support clean and sustainable technologies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},443897,1790984958,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","This article is licensed under CC-BY 4.0   \n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nValorization of Caryocar brasiliense Byproducts: Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and Material Characterization for Environmental and Bioenergy Applications  \nPublished as part of ACS Omega special issue “Chemistry in Brazil: Advancing through Open Science”. Mariele Dalmolin da Silva, Eliza Araujo Martins, Renata Pereira Lopes Moreira, André Pereira Rosa, and Alisson Carraro Borges *  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2025, 10, 59435−59446  \nRead Online  \n\n|  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ACCESS   | Metrics & More |  |  Article Recommendations |\n\nABSTRACT: The exploitation of the pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit generates underutilized agroindustrial residues, such as endocarps and almonds, which are rich in value-added compounds. In addition to these residues, other parts of the plant, such as the bark, also present technological potential that remains largely unexplored. This work aimed to physicochemically characterize these byproducts to evaluate their potential for environmental and industrial applications within the context of the bioeconomy and circular economy. Almonds (AM), thorny endocarp (PTE), a mixture of endocarp and almond (PTEA), and pequi tree bark (PTB) were analyzed using physicochemical, thermal, textural, and morphological characterization techniques. The results revealed significant contents of lignin (up to 34.26%), holocellulose (up to 56.25%), and lipids (up to 47.82%), as well asthe presence of phenolic compounds (193.73 mgGAE g−1), with potential for use as natural coagulants. The materials exhibited compact morphology and predominantly mesoporous structures (2−50 nm), with specific surface areas ranging from 0.32 to 0.71 m2 g−1. Analysis of the solid residues after microwave-assisted extraction indicated structural changes that facilitate the release of bioactive compounds. PTB stood out for its lignocellulosic composition and high content of tannins and phenolic compounds, while AM showed a high lipid content, demonstrating viability for bio-oil production. These findings highlight the potential of these materials for clean and sustainable technologies, contributing to the mitigation of environmental impact and generating value in regional production chains.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThe Cerrado is the second-largest biome in Brazil and the most extensive neotropical savanna in South America. Renowned for its remarkable biodiversity, this biome covers around 23% of the Brazilian territory, making it one of the country’s most important ecological regions. 1 The Cerrado vegetation comprises species highly adapted to harsh environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures, prolonged drought, nutrient-poor soils, intense ultraviolet radiation, and frequent natural fires.2  \nAmong the native species thriving in this challenging environment, Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as pequi, stands out for its exceptional ecological, cultural, and economic relevance. The bark of the pequi tree is highly valued in the Brazilian Midwest, where it is used as a raw material in diverse production chains, ranging from small-scale extractive communities to medium-sized industries.3 The fruit is composed of approximately 75−84% peel, 14−16% thorny endocarp, 4−7% pulp, and 0.5−1% kernel, with these proportions varying depending on the region.4  \nPequi plays a key role in both local and national economies. In 2023, extractive production of the fruit reached approximately 51,000 tons, with the states of Minas Gerais, Goias, and Tocantins ranking among the leading producers in Brazil.5 The market for pequi-derived products has expanded significantly, with a 127.9% increase in production volume and a 122.7% rise in commercial value between 2019 and 2021, driven by the valorization of its byproducts and broader access to new consumer markets.6 The diversification of commercial formats","cbCaiuvUCH08snOT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuvUCH08snOT","pdf",9490037,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Cerrado context and biodiversity\n## Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) relevance\n## Byproduct generation and environmental impact\n## Recovery of bioactive compounds as coagulants","[{\"question\":\"What byproducts from Caryocar brasiliense are investigated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The work analyzes almonds, thorny endocarp, a mixture of endocarp and almond, and pequi tree bark. These residues are examined for their physicochemical value and functional potential.\"},{\"question\":\"Which analytical methods were used to characterize the materials?\",\"answer\":\"The byproducts were characterized using physicochemical, thermal, textural, and morphological characterization techniques. These include assessments of lignocellulosic composition, phenolic presence, and structural/morphological features.\"},{\"question\":\"What environmental or industrial applications are targeted for these byproducts?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on environmental and industrial uses aligned with bioeconomy and circular economy goals. Phenolic-rich materials are highlighted as natural coagulants for pollutant removal, while extracted bioactive compounds support clean and sustainable technologies.\"}]","Valorization of Caryocar brasiliense Byproducts - Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and Material Characterization for Environmental and Bioenergy Applications | PDF",1790705957]