[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-589986-105":59,"doc-detail-589986-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","validity-and-reliability-of-the-schools-emotional-climate-scale-article","Validty and Reliability of the School’s Emotional Climate Scale - Article","","This study develops and validates the School’s Emotional Climate scale to measure teachers’ perceived emotional environment in schools. An item pool of 39 statements was formed from an extensive literature review and expert input, then refined by expert review. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using 32 items yielded a three-factor structure, leading to removal of 13 items and retention of 19 items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the model’s reliability, evidenced by Cronbach’s alpha, with factors labeled emotional association, empathy, and emotional fatigue.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/validity-and-reliability-of-the-schools-emotional-climate-scale-article/589986/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/validity-and-reliability-of-the-schools-emotional-climate-scale-article/589986.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aims to develop and validate the School’s Emotional Climate scale for measuring teachers’ perceived emotional climate in schools.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the scale item pool created?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"An initial pool of 39 items was generated through literature review and expert opinions, then refined after expert review with some items removed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What statistical analyses were used to test the scale?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified the factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested and supported reliability, including Cronbach’s alpha.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589986,1792160560,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| Validity and Reliability of the School’s Emotional Climate Scale\u003Cbr>Efraim Öztürk 1*, Mukadder Boydak Özan2\u003Cbr>Educational Management Discipline, Fırat University, Turkey Corresponding Author: Efraim Öztürk, [ozturkefraim@gmail.com](ozturkefraim@gmail.com)[ ](ozturkefraim@gmail.com)This article is produced from Efraim Ozturk's doctoral thesis. |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The aim of this study is to develop and validate the School’s Emotional Climate scale. To this |\n| Article history |  |\n| Received: September 03, 2019 | end, 683 teachers working in elementary and middle schools were recruited. An item pool with |\n| Accepted: November 23, 2019 | 39 items was created based on an extensive literature review and expert opinions. The items |\n| Published: December 31, 2019 | were reviewed by experts and seven items were dropped out from the item pool. EFA was |\n| Volume: 10 Issue: 6 | conducted with 32 items. Based on the results of EFA, thirteen items were removed, which |\n| Advance access: December, 2019 | left 19 items with three factors. In order to test this structure, CFA was conducted. According to the CFA results, the scale was found to be reliable, which is also proved through Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient values. The final form of the scale consisted of 19 items with three |\n|  |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None | factors entitles as emotional association, empathy, and emotional fatigue. The limitations and |\n| Funding: None | suggestions for future research is discussed. |\n| Key words: |  |\n| Emotional Climate,\u003Cbr>Schools,\u003Cbr>Teachers |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nThere exist many emotions for human beings to experience in and out of work and they are indispensable of life and determinant of behaviors (Erkuş & Günlü, 2008). Work life, which encourage people to socialize, also brings love, anger, fear, happiness and so on (Seçer, 2005) . Emotions need be managed carefully since they can have a positive or negative effects on life (Akın, 2004; Kervancı, 2008) . More specifically, emotions are social structures that may destroy or improve the institution (Fineman, 1993) . Since employees’ emotions are the factors that affect the emotional climate of an organization, those emotions need to be managed carefully (Kervancı, 2008) .  \nEmotional climate is the common emotional arousal situation created by a community (Tobin, Ritchie, Oakley, Mergrad & Hudson, 2013) . Emotional climate, the common feelings that emerge as a result of the interaction among employees (De Rivera & Paez, 2007), is affected by many events that affect employees (Ruiz, 2007) . Depending on whether the effect is positive or negative, the emotional climate is called a positive or negative emotional climate. While there is a common happiness and joy in a positive emotional climate, there is a common sadness, fear or anger in a negative emotional climate (Tobin et al., 2013; Turner, 2007) . Negative emotions, if felt often in organizations, cause organizations to wear out. Therefore, it is critical for organizations to provide emotional climate-related training  \nprograms for individuals or groups working in the organization (Kırel, 2007) .  \nWork life cannot be isolated from emotions (Akçay &Çoruk, 2012) . Especially in institutions whose input, output, and control mechanism that directs this process are human, it is even more important that emotions are experienced in a controlled way. The emphasis on information in education should be given to emotions as well (Zembylas, 2005) since emotions affect the climate of classrooms (Schutz, Aultman and Williams-Johnson, 2009) and positive climate increases learners’ motivation, academic performance, and learning competence (Bellocchi, Ritchie, Tobin, Sandhu, & Sandhu, 2013) . Briefly, positive school climate ensures the development of youth and encourage them to produce and contribute ","cbCaikkbKr7ETJ6h","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikkbKr7ETJ6h","pdf",403964,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n# METHOD\n## Participants\n# ARTICLE INFO\n## ABSTRACT","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to develop and validate the School’s Emotional Climate scale for measuring teachers’ perceived emotional climate in schools.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the scale item pool created?\",\"answer\":\"An initial pool of 39 items was generated through literature review and expert opinions, then refined after expert review with some items removed.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical analyses were used to test the scale?\",\"answer\":\"Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified the factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested and supported reliability, including Cronbach’s alpha.\"}]","Validty and Reliability of the School’s Emotional Climate Scale - Article | PDF",1792068548,18]