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The investigation included 100 individuals: 25 healthy controls, 25 patients with OPMDs with dysplasia, 25 with OPMDs without dysplasia, and 25 oral cancer patients. Salivary biomarker levels and demographic and clinical parameters were assessed. Levels increased with disease severity; IL-6 and IL-8 discriminated across dysplasia grades, and scD44 distinguished normal from dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity, with positive correlations to OSCC grade and risk factors.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/validation-of-salivary-proteomic-biomarkers-for-early-detection-of-oral-cancer-in-the-egyptian-population-research-article/331623/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/validation-of-salivary-proteomic-biomarkers-for-early-detection-of-oral-cancer-in-the-egyptian-population-research-article/331623.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Clementine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess the sensitivity and specificity of salivary proteomic biomarkers IL-6, IL-8, and scD44 for early detection of oral cancer and to explore associations with risk factors in an Egyptian population.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants grouped in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A total of 100 individuals were included: 25 healthy controls, 25 patients with OPMDs with dysplasia, 25 patients with OPMDs without dysplasia, and 25 oral cancer patients.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which biomarker showed discriminating power and what was the overall pattern across disease severity?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8, and scD44 progressively increased with increasing disease severity. IL-8 and IL-6 discriminated from normal tissue across dysplasia degrees to oral cancer, while scD44 separated normal and dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331623,1790910236,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374391974564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002","Future Science OA  \n2025, VOL. 11, nO. 1, 2432222  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/20565623.2024.2432222](https://doi.org/10.1080/20565623.2024.2432222)  \nReseaRch aRticle  \nValidation of salivary proteomic biomarkers for early detection of oral cancer in the Egyptian population  \nDalia Ghalwash , ahmed ammar , asmaa abou-Bakr , al-hassan Diab  and ayman el-Gawish   \nOral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, the British university in egypt, el Sherouk city, egypt  \nABSTRACT  \nPurpose: the present study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of important proteomic salivary biomarkers; il-6, il-8, and scD44 in the early detection of oral cancer, and any possible associations with risk factors of oral cancer in an egyptian population.  \nMethods: the present investigation was conducted on 100 individuals; 25 healthy controls, 25 patients having oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with dysplasia; 25 patients having OPMDs without dysplasia, and 25 oral cancer patients. Demographic data modified gingival index, oral hygiene level, and salivary levels of the biomarkers were assessed. Results: salivary levels of il-6, il-8, and scD44 progressively increased with increased disease severity. salivary il-8 and il-6 levels possess a discriminating potential from normal tissue through different degrees of dysplasia to oral cancer, scD44 levels had a discriminating power between normal and dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. a positive correlation was found between the three biomarkers and the grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (Oscc) and with different risk factors.  \nConclusion: this is the first study that evaluated multiple salivary proteomic biomarkers in the egyptian population, and the results validate the ability of il-6, il-8, and scD44 to be used as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for screening and early detection of oral cancer.  \nARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS  \n• salivary il-8 and il-6 levels possess a discriminating potential from normal tissue through different degrees of dysplasia to oral cancer.  \n• scD44 levels have a discriminating power between normal and dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity.  \n• there is a positive correlation between the three biomarkers and different oral cancer risk factors.  \n• assessment of salivary levels of these proteomic biomarkers constitutes a simple, noninvasive, point-of-care diagnostic tool.  \n• salivary proteomic biomarkers may help identify individuals at high risk for oral cancer, facilitate early detection of oral cancer and malignant transformation in OPMDs.  \n1. Introduction  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 5 august 2024 accepted 24 October 2024  \nKEYWORDS  \nearly detection; oral cancer; OPMDs;  \nproteomic biomarkers; salivary biomarkers; il-6; il-8; scD44  \nOral cavity cancer is the sixteenth cancer in annual incidence globally and the fifteenth in mortality rate [1] . the incidence of oral cancers is anticipated to rise by 62% in 2035 [2] . Oral cancer can arise in healthy oral mucosa or on precursor conditions and lesions that involve the oral mucosa, that were recently identified as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which include erythroplakia, leukoplakia, lichen planus, and submucous fibrosis [3] .  \nthe major problem related to oral cancer is its late diagnosis, leading to poor survival rate, and extensive disabilities in oral cancer survivors, who may commonly face a recurrence of the initial lesion or second primary lesions owing to field cancerization [4,5] . accordingly, early diagnosis is the main approach to enhance the prognosis, survival, and quality of life of these patients, which could be accomplished through various  \nCONTACT Dalia Ghalwash  [Dalia.Ghalwash@bue.edu.eg](Dalia.Ghalwash@bue.edu.eg)  Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, the British university in egypt, el Sherouk city, egypt.  \n Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at [https://doi.org/10.1","cbCaig6mX2s8rOGQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig6mX2s8rOGQ","pdf",1480388,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Article Highlights\n# Introduction\n## Oral cancer burden and need for early diagnosis\n## Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs)\n## Saliva-based proteomic biomarkers","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the sensitivity and specificity of salivary proteomic biomarkers IL-6, IL-8, and scD44 for early detection of oral cancer and to explore associations with risk factors in an Egyptian population.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped in the study?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 100 individuals were included: 25 healthy controls, 25 patients with OPMDs with dysplasia, 25 patients with OPMDs without dysplasia, and 25 oral cancer patients.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarker showed discriminating power and what was the overall pattern across disease severity?\",\"answer\":\"Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8, and scD44 progressively increased with increasing disease severity. IL-8 and IL-6 discriminated from normal tissue across dysplasia degrees to oral cancer, while scD44 separated normal and dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity.\"}]","Validation of salivary proteomic biomarkers for early detection of oral cancer in the Egyptian population - Research article | PDF",1789994355,28]