[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590596-105":59,"doc-detail-590596-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","validating-a-fidelity-scale-to-understand-intervention-effects-in-classroom-based-studies","Validating a Fidelity Scale to Understand Intervention Effects in Classroom-Based Studies","","This article validates a Fidelity of Implementation (FOI) measurement approach for classroom-based K–12 intervention studies, addressing a key gap: most studies rarely report the validity of fidelity instruments. The work emphasizes why validated FOI scales are essential for interpreting intervention effects, strengthening inference validity, and supporting faithful program delivery. An observation tool, the Implementation Validity Checklist (IVC-R), is developed and evaluated to measure implementation fidelity for a reading intervention model, Collaborative Strategic Reading.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/validating-a-fidelity-scale-to-understand-intervention-effects-in-classroom-based-studies/590596/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/validating-a-fidelity-scale-to-understand-intervention-effects-in-classroom-based-studies/590596.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the article address about fidelity of implementation (FOI) in education research?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Many classroom-based intervention studies include FOI as a mediating variable but do not report whether their fidelity measures are valid. The article argues that validated FOI instruments are critical for credible conclusions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are validated FOI scales important for interpreting intervention effects?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Validated FOI measures help researchers attribute outcomes to the intervention more confidently and help practitioners implement the program as intended, revealing considerations for translating evidence into practice.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the Implementation Validity Checklist (IVC-R) used for?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The IVC-R is an observation tool designed to measure FOI for a research-based instructional reading approach, Collaborative Strategic Reading, and the findings support its validity for measuring fidelity to CSR.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590596,1792190286,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","American Educational Research Journal December 2017, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1378–1413 DOI: 10.3102/0002831217726522  \n􀀂 2017 AERA. [http://aerj](http://aerj).[aera.net](aera.net)  \nValidating a Fidelity Scale to Understand Intervention Effects in Classroom-Based  \nStudies  \nPamela Buckley University of Colorado Boulder  \nBrooke Moore  \nFort Hays State University  \nAlison G. Boardman  \nUniversity of Colorado Boulder Diana J. Arya  \nAndrew Maul  \nUniversity of California, Santa Barbara  \nK–12 intervention studies often include fidelity of implementation (FOI) asa mediating variable, though most do not report the validity of fidelity measures. This article discusses the critical need for validated FOI scales. To illustrate our point, we describe the development and validation of the  \nPAMELA BUCKLEY, PhD, is a research associate with the Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development and Crime Prevention at the University of Colorado Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309; e-mail: Pamela.Buckley@ [colorado.edu](colorado.edu. Her)[. Her](colorado.edu. Her) expertise includes intervention research, research design, program evaluation and quantitative data analysis.  \nBROOKE MOORE, PhD, is an assistant professor of special education at Fort Hays State University. Her research focuses on helping educators create equitable and inclusive learning environments for all students.  \nALISON G. BOARDMAN, PhD, is an associate professor of Education at the University of Colorado Boulder. Her research focuses on effective professional development models, reading comprehension instruction, and project-based learning in classrooms with emergent bilingual learners and students with disabilities.  \nDIANA J. ARYA, PhD, is an assistant professor of Education at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her research interests focus on language and literacy practices of K–12 and postsecondary populations within science and engineering contexts.  \nANDREW MAUL, PhD, is an assistant professor of Education at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His scholarship broadly focuses on research methods and the philosophy of social science, and in particular on the theory and practice of educational and psychological measurement.  \nValidating a Fidelity Scale  \nImplementation Validity Checklist (IVC-R), an observation tool for measuring FOI of a research-based instructional reading approach, Collaborative Strategic Reading. Following Kane (2006), Wilson (2004), and the guidelines of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (Standards: AERA, APA, & NCME, 2014), findings suggest the IVC-R is a valid instrument for measuring fidelity to CSR. We hope this process will provide an informative model for the validation of FOI observation tools in future classroom-based efficacy studies.  \nKEYWORDS: Fidelity, Fidelity of implementation, Measurement of program fidelity, Observation protocols, Program integrity  \nIntroduction  \nAn important purpose of education research is to evaluate whether programs are effective in supporting student learning and improving achievement, though intervention effects cannot be fully explained without evidence of implementation success or failure (Munter, Wilhelm, Cobb, & Cordray, 2014) . Examining fidelity of implementation (FOI), or the degree to which an intervention is implemented as intended (Dane & Schneider, 1998; O’Donnell, 2008), is necessary for understanding the relationship between components of an intervention and program outcomes (Munter et al. , 2014) . While the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is widely regarded as a valuable method for estimating average treatment effects of educational interventions (Rosenbaum, 1995), such RCTs cannot account for differences between the design of an intervention and its actual implementation, thus resulting in a lack of clarity about the effectiveness of the intervention model (Hulleman & Cordray, 2009) . Understanding variance in implementat","cbCaifT3HRhefwZD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifT3HRhefwZD","pdf",744202,36,"English","# Introduction\n## Purpose and need for validated FOI measures\n## Limits of current intervention studies\n## Validation guidance from instrument-development literature\n# Validating a Fidelity Scale\n## Implementation Validity Checklist (IVC-R)\n## Validity findings for measuring CSR fidelity","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the article address about fidelity of implementation (FOI) in education research?\",\"answer\":\"Many classroom-based intervention studies include FOI as a mediating variable but do not report whether their fidelity measures are valid. The article argues that validated FOI instruments are critical for credible conclusions.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are validated FOI scales important for interpreting intervention effects?\",\"answer\":\"Validated FOI measures help researchers attribute outcomes to the intervention more confidently and help practitioners implement the program as intended, revealing considerations for translating evidence into practice.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the Implementation Validity Checklist (IVC-R) used for?\",\"answer\":\"The IVC-R is an observation tool designed to measure FOI for a research-based instructional reading approach, Collaborative Strategic Reading, and the findings support its validity for measuring fidelity to CSR.\"}]","Validating a Fidelity Scale to Understand Intervention Effects in Classroom-Based Studies | PDF",1792069996,91]