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It contrasts non-visual authoring workflows with the accessibility of resulting outputs, introducing popular markup languages and tools, and examining support for mathematical notation. It also describes integrating domain-specific diagramming languages, conversion flexibility to formats like HTML, EPUB, and PDF, and how this improves accessibility for authors and readers using assistive technologies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/using-markup-languages-for-accessible-scientific-technical-and-scholarly-document-creation/657507/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/using-markup-languages-for-accessible-scientific-technical-and-scholarly-document-creation/657507.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What two main authoring approaches does the paper compare?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It compares using WYSIWYG editors (such as word processors) versus writing in plain text annotated with markup language code that drives later rendering and presentation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does markup-based authoring relate to accessibility?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Markup workflows can improve non-visual editing and also enable conversion to multiple output formats. These formats can enhance accessibility for authors during editing/proofreading and for recipients using assistive technologies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which document formats and tools does the paper emphasize?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It highlights conversion to formats including HTML, EPUB, and PDF, as well as common word-processor file formats. It also discusses current markup tools and the role of mathematical notation support and diagram-construction languages.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657507,1792981489,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","Using Markup Languages for Accessible Scientific, Technical, and Scholarly Document Creation  \nJason J.G. White 1  \n1 Educational Testing Service  \nAbstract  \nIn using software to write a scientific, technical, or other scholarly document, authors have essentially two options. They can either write it in a ‘what you see is what you get’(WYSIWYG) editor such as a word processor, or write it in a text editor using a markup language such as HTML, LATEX, Markdown, or AsciiDoc. This paper gives an overview of the latter approach, focusing on both the non-visual accessibility of the writing process, and that of the documents produced. Currently popular markup languages and established tools associated with them are introduced. Support for mathematical notation is considered. In addition, domain-specific programming languages for constructing various types of diagrams can be well integrated into the document production process. These languages offer interesting potential to facilitate the non-visual creation of graphical content, while raising insufficiently explored research questions. The flexibility with which documents written in current markup languages can be converted to different output formats is emphasized. These formats include HTML, EPUB, and PDF, as well as file formats used by contemporary word processors. Such conversion facilities can serve as means of enhancing the accessibility of a document both for the author (during the editing and proofreading process) and for those among the document’s recipients who use assistive technologies, such as screen readers and screen magnifiers. Current developments associated with markup languages and the accessibility of scientific or technical documents are described. The paper concludes with general commentary, together with a summary of opportunities for further research and software development.  \n*Corresponding Author, [Jason J.G. White](Jason J.G. White jason@jasonjgw.net)[ jason@jasonjgw.net](Jason J.G. White jason@jasonjgw.net)[ ](Jason J.G. White jason@jasonjgw.net)Submitted March 2, 2022  \nAccepted April 25, 2022 Published online October 27, 2022 DOI: 10.14448/jsesd.14.0005  \nUsing Markup Languages for Accessible Scientific, Technical, and Scholarly Document Creation DOI: 10.14448/jsesd.13.0005  \n1  \nIntroduction  \nTwo alternative methods of preparing electronic documents are in widespread use today. The first approach is to use a ‘what you see is what you get’ (WYSIWYG) editor—usually a word processor—for writing and revision. In this case, the presentation of the document in the editing environment somewhat resembles its final form as displayed or printed, including layout and choice of fonts. Control over presentation is exercised entirely through the graphical user interface of the application. In currently popular word processors, the underlying markup codes are largely hidden from the user. There is no‘reveal markup’ mode, such as that provided by the once popular WordPerfect word processor. The second option is to write the document in a plain text file, annotating the text with markup language code that influences its later processing, including its layout and presentation. To generate a rendering of the document, a separate program is run, typically via editor commands or using a command line interface.  \nAlthough it is not the purpose of this paper to compare word processing with markup-based document authoring, differences between the two approaches are noted as they arise. An empirical study by Knauff and Nejasmic (2014) found that writing text in a word processor was less error prone and more efficient than writing in LATEX for document transcription tasks, for both more and less experienced LATEX users. The performance of LATEX users was greater, however, in transcribing equations. Moorhead (2020) acknowledges the significance of this study as perhaps the only peer-reviewed investigation of its kind, while noting that it has been criticized on methodological","cbCaia0naDE3uqGw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia0naDE3uqGw","pdf",348556,22,"English","# Introduction\n## Alternative authoring methods: WYSIWYG vs markup\n## Accessibility motivations for markup-based creation","[{\"question\":\"What two main authoring approaches does the paper compare?\",\"answer\":\"It compares using WYSIWYG editors (such as word processors) versus writing in plain text annotated with markup language code that drives later rendering and presentation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does markup-based authoring relate to accessibility?\",\"answer\":\"Markup workflows can improve non-visual editing and also enable conversion to multiple output formats. These formats can enhance accessibility for authors during editing/proofreading and for recipients using assistive technologies.\"},{\"question\":\"Which document formats and tools does the paper emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights conversion to formats including HTML, EPUB, and PDF, as well as common word-processor file formats. It also discusses current markup tools and the role of mathematical notation support and diagram-construction languages.\"}]","Using Markup Languages for Accessible Scientific, Technical, and Scholarly Document Creation | PDF",55]