[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-120947-en":3,"doc-seo-120947-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},120947,549758252649,"Ivy","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819",8,"Research & Report","Using Machine Learning to Aid Second Language Acquisition - thesis","This thesis investigates using machine learning to support second language acquisition for adult learners who may doubt their ability to learn new languages. Using Duolingo’s dataset of about 13 million learning traces, four machine learning models are trained to predict whether the probability of recalling a word is at least 0.5. Among the models, logistic regression achieves the highest performance with 93% accuracy and highlights word features that improve recall likelihood, contributing insight into effective language learning signals.","UCLA  \nUCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations  \nTitle  \nUsing Machine Learning to Aid Second Language Acquisition  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05t949b2](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05t949b2)  \nAuthor  \nAkbar, Maryam Zaki  \nPublication Date  \n2024  \nPeer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA  \nLos Angeles  \nUsing Machine Learning to Aid Second Language Acquisition  \nA thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Applied Statistics & Data Science  \nby  \nMaryam Zaki Akbar  \n2024  \n© Copyright by Maryam Zaki Akbar 2024  \nABSTRACT OF THE THESIS  \nUsing Machine Learning to Aid  \nSecond Language Acquisition  \nby  \nMaryam Zaki Akbar  \nMaster of Applied Statistics & Data Science  \nUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 2024  \nProfessor Yingnian Wu, Chair  \nAdults are often told that it may be too late for them to learn a new language, and, sometimes, they may even be intimidated out of continuing their learning journey. While it may be a daunting task, it is not an impossible one. In this thesis, using Duolingo’s dataset of about 13 million learning traces, four di↵erent machine learning models are fitted to predict whether the probability of recall of a word is greater than or equal to 0.5. Of the four, logistic regression fared the best with an accuracy score of 93% . It also identified certain word features that contribute to improving the chances of recalling a word.  \nThe thesis of Maryam Zaki Akbar is approved.  \nOscar H. Madrid Padilla Frederic R. Paik Schoenberg Maria Cha  \nYingnian Wu, Committee Chair  \nUniversity of California, Los Angeles 2024  \nTo my family  \niv  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \n1 Introduction .................................... 1  \n2 Literature Review ................................ 3  \n2.1 Original Paper ................................ 3  \n2.2 Other Research ................................ 4  \n3 Dataset ....................................... 5  \n3.1 Background .................................. 5  \n3.2 Exploratory Data Analysis .......................... 7  \n3.2.1 Learner Demographics ........................ 7  \n3.2.2 Learner Usage ............................. 8  \n3.2.3 Further Investigation into History of Seeing the Word ....... 10  \n3.2.4 Further Investigation into Delta and a User’s interaction with a certain word .............................. 11  \n3.2.5 Further Investigation into the Lexeme String Variable ....... 13  \n3.2.6 More Word Features ......................... 15  \n3.2.7 Probability of Recall ......................... 17  \n4 Fitting Di↵erent Models ............................ 19  \n4.1 Research Question .............................. 19  \n4.2 Logistic Regression .............................. 20  \n4.2.1 Model 1 ................................ 21  \n4.2.2 Model 2 ................................ 22  \n4.2.3 Model 3 ................................ 23  \n4.2.4 Results ................................. 24  \n4.3 Half Life Model ................................ 25  \n4.3.1 Feature Engineering ......................... 25  \n4.3.2 Model ................................. 26  \n4.4 Other Models ................................. 29  \n4.4.1 Decision Tree Classifier ........................ 29  \n4.4.2 Random Forest Classifier ....................... 30  \n5 Model Comparisons & Discussion ...................... 31  \n6 Conclusions & Limitations ........................... 32  \n7 Further Research Potential .......................... 33  \n8 Appendix ..................................... 34  \nReferences ....................................... 36  \nLIST OF FIGURES  \n1.1 Languages Learned Sized by the Number of Countries They Are Most Popular in (Blanco, 2023) ................................. 1  \n3.1 Languages being learned vs. User Interface Language ............. 7  \n3.2 History vs. Probability of Recall ........................ 1","cbCaivoVFI8f0C3o","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivoVFI8f0C3o","pdf",1144194,1,47,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Original Paper\n## Other Research\n# Dataset\n## Background\n## Exploratory Data Analysis\n## Fitting Di↵erent Models\n# Model Comparisons & Discussion\n# Conclusions & Limitations\n# Further Research Potential\n# Appendix\n## References","[{\"question\":\"What does the thesis aim to accomplish for second language learners?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how machine learning can be used to predict whether learners are likely to recall a word, providing evidence to support second language acquisition efforts for adults.\"},{\"question\":\"Which dataset and prediction target are used in the research?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Duolingo’s dataset of about 13 million learning traces and predicts whether a word’s recall probability is greater than or equal to 0.5.\"},{\"question\":\"Which model performs best and what additional value does it provide?\",\"answer\":\"Logistic regression performs best with 93% accuracy and identifies word features that contribute to improving the chances of recalling a word.\"}]","Using Machine Learning to Aid Second Language Acquisition - thesis | PDF",1785732985,118,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"using-machine-learning-to-aid-second-language-acquisition-thesis","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/using-machine-learning-to-aid-second-language-acquisition-thesis/120947/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What does the thesis aim to accomplish for second language learners?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It examines how machine learning can be used to predict whether learners are likely to recall a word, providing evidence to support second language acquisition efforts for adults.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Which dataset and prediction target are used in the research?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The study uses Duolingo’s dataset of about 13 million learning traces and predicts whether a word’s recall probability is greater than or equal to 0.5.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Which model performs best and what additional value does it provide?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Logistic regression performs best with 93% accuracy and identifies word features that contribute to improving the chances of recalling a word.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]