[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-121980-en":3,"doc-seo-121980-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},121980,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",8,"Research & Report","Using machine learning on tree-ring data to determine the geographical provenance of historical construction timbers - Research report","Dendroclimatology enables annual-resolution reconstructions of past climate, and wood from historical buildings can extend records back for millennia. Yet unclear timber origin can distort the climate signal of individual tree-ring samples. This study compares tree-ring width and density from 143 living European larch trees across seven elevation sites (1400–2200 m asl) and 99 historical series to train supervised machine-learning classification models for the European Alps. Extreme Gradient Boosting achieves the best overall performance, with density-based models outperforming ring-width. The larch-specific density model attains the highest site- and elevation-specific skill, enabling historical series to be assigned to valley elevations with high confidence and improving long-term climate reconstructions.","Received: 4 May 2022 Revised: 24 November 2022 Accepted: 1 December 2022  \nDOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4453  \nARTICL E  \nEmerging T e chnologies  \nUsing machine learning on tree-ring data to determine the geographical provenance of historical construction timbers  \nEileen Kuhl 1  | Christian Zang 2 | Jan Esper 1,3 | Dana F. C. Riechelmann 4 | UlfBüntgen 3,5,6,7 | Martin Briesch 8 | Frederick Reinig 1 | Philipp Römer 1 | Oliver Konter 1 | Martin Schmidhalter 9 | Claudia Hartl 10   \n1Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany 2Department of Forestry, University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Freising, Germany  \n3Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Brno, Czech Republic 4Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany 5Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK  \n6Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland  \n7Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 8Department of Information Systems and Business Administration, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany 9DENDROSUISSE-Labor für Dendrochronologie, Brig, Switzerland 10Nature Rings-Environmental Research and Education, Mainz, Germany  \nCorrespondence Eileen Kuhl  \nEmail: [eikuhl@uni-mainz.de](eikuhl@uni-mainz.de)  \nFunding information  \nBavarian Climate Research Network (BayKliF); European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 882727; German Research Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: ES 161/12-1, HA 8048/1-1; Gutenberg Research College; SustES, Grant/Award Number:  \nCZ.02.1.01/0 .0/0 .0/16_ 019/0000797  \nHandling Editor: Julia A. Jones  \nAbstract  \nDendroclimatology offers the unique opportunity to reconstruct past climate at annual resolution and wood from historical buildings can be used to extend such information back in time up to several millennia. However, the varying and often unclear origin of timbers affects the climate sensitivity of individual tree-ring samples. Here, we compare tree-ring width and density of 143 living larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees at seven sites along an elevational transect from 1400 to 2200 m asl and 99 historical tree-ring series to parametrize state-of-the-art classification models for the European Alps. To achieve geographical provenance of the historical series, nine different supervised machine learning algorithms are trained and tested in their capability to solve our classification problem. Based on this assessment, we consider a tree-ring density-based and a tree-ring width-based dataset for model building. For each of these datasets, a general not species-related model and a larch-specific model including the cyclic larch budmoth influence are built. From the nine tested machine learning algorithms, Extreme Gradient Boosting showed the best performance. The density-based models outperform the ring-width models with the larch-specific density model reaching the highest skill (f1 score = 0.8) . The performance metrics reveal that the larch-specific density model also performs best within individual sites and particularly in sites above 2000 m asl, which show the highest temperature sensitivities. The application of the specific density model for larch allows the historical series to be assigned with high confidence to a particular elevation within the valley. The procedure can be applied to other provenance studies using multiple tree growth characteristics. The novel approach of building machine learning models based on tree-ring density features allows to omit a common period between reference and historical data for finding the provenance of relict wood and will therefore help to improve millennium-length climate reconstructions.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2023 The Authors. Ecosphere published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf o","cbCaigW5doYKeh9j","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigW5doYKeh9j","pdf",2201449,1,14,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Machine learning in tree-ring research\n## Dead-wood provenance and reconstruction challenges","[{\"question\":\"Why does timber origin matter in dendroclimatology reconstruction?\",\"answer\":\"Because varying or unclear timber provenance alters the climate sensitivity of individual tree-ring samples, potentially biasing reconstructions.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and sites were used to train the geographical provenance models?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses tree-ring width and density from 143 living larch trees across seven sites spanning 1400–2200 m asl, together with 99 historical tree-ring series.\"},{\"question\":\"Which machine learning approach performed best for classification and why?\",\"answer\":\"Extreme Gradient Boosting showed the best performance; density-based models generally outperformed ring-width models, and the larch-specific density model achieved the highest skill.\"}]","Using machine learning on tree-ring data to determine the geographical provenance of historical construction timbers - Research report | PDF",1785808135,35,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"using-machine-learning-on-tree-ring-data-to-determine-the-geographical-provenance-of-historical-construction-timbers-research-report","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/using-machine-learning-on-tree-ring-data-to-determine-the-geographical-provenance-of-historical-construction-timbers-research-report/121980/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why does timber origin matter in dendroclimatology reconstruction?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Because varying or unclear timber provenance alters the climate sensitivity of individual tree-ring samples, potentially biasing reconstructions.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What data and sites were used to train the geographical provenance models?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The study uses tree-ring width and density from 143 living larch trees across seven sites spanning 1400–2200 m asl, together with 99 historical tree-ring series.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Which machine learning approach performed best for classification and why?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Extreme Gradient Boosting showed the best performance; 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