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The study examines participant perceptions of simulation-based practice embedded in an existing mentoring structure and considers how simulations may be scaled for district professional development and tailored to local needs. The work also frames simulation use during internship preparation, emphasizing reflection, feedback, and transfer to future leadership challenges in a risk-free environment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/using-interactive-problem-based-simulations-in-a-mentoring-program-for-novice-school-leaders/601892/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/using-interactive-problem-based-simulations-in-a-mentoring-program-for-novice-school-leaders/601892.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study investigate about simulations in mentoring programs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study explores practicing administrators interacting with simulations embedded in an existing mentoring program and reports participants’ perceptions of simulation usefulness.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are interactive problem-based simulations expected to help novice leaders?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Simulations provide opportunities to practice solving job-embedded issues, with reflection and feedback supporting new understandings and future action in similar situations.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"In what contexts could these simulations be used beyond the current mentoring program?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study suggests simulations could be used across a school district for professional development tailored to district needs, and also during internship components of principal preparation programs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601892,1792171665,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Using Interactive, Problem-based Simulations in a Mentoring Program for Novice School Leaders  \nMarlena Bravender  \nSpring Arbor University  \nNancy Staub  \nUniversity of Toledo  \nLeading American schools is a multi-faceted and complex role as states have adopted requirements for the mentoring of new principals. Interactive problem-based simulations can offer novice principals opportunities to practice solving job-embedded issues. This study explored practicing administrators interacting with simulations embedded into an existing mentoring program. The perceptions of participants reveal that simulations could be used widely in a school district for professional development, personalized to the needs of the district. The same simulations could also be used during internship component of principal preparation programs. Future school leaders could explore current problem based scenarios in a risk free environment.  \nKeywords: teacher and leadership preparation, educational leadership, mentoring in education, staff development, professional development and mentoring, simulations, novice school leaders, school management and leadership  \nICPEL Education Leadership Review, Vol. 19, No. 1– December, 2018 ISSN: 1532-0723 © 2018 International Council of Professors of Educational Leadership  \nPrincipals navigate between implementing central office and state requirements, and at the sametime, manage the school facility, the employees, and the community stakeholders that influence the school. The wide range of responsibilities faced by school principals requires a deep knowledge of instructional leadership and management practices as well as the skills used to implement these practices. Leading American schools is a multi-faceted and complex role.“The harsh truth is that the new school leader faces a dizzying array of tasks associated with managing a highly complex organization: from budgeting and busing to discipline, personnel and union matters and public relations,”(Wallace Foundation, 2007, p. 6) . More importantly, the principal sets the tone for the school culture and the academic expectations for students (Marzano, Waters, & McNulty, 2005) .  \nThe Professional Standards for Educational Leaders, formerly known as ISLLC standards, have been identified by the National Policy Board for Educational Administration (NPBEA) and are intended to guide program development for college and university principal preparation programs (NPBEA, 2015) . They are aligned to the leadership and management practices needed for today’s principals. State departments of education also fall in line with similar outcomes as measures of principal effectiveness. While principal preparation programs provide the theoretical knowledge needed by principals, they still fall short when providing practical, hands-on applications (Darling-Hammond, Meyerson, LaPointe & Orr, 2010) of the job related skills. Internships and mentoring programs have been designed to support novices in the development of these decision-making and problem solving skills.  \nStates have adopted requirements for the mentoring of new principals. In many cases however, the existing state and district level programs result in “buddy systems” or checklist exercises that do not do nearly enough to help prepare principals to become knowledgeable and courageous leaders (Wallace Foundation, 2007) . Interactive problem-based simulations can offer novice principals opportunities to practice solving job-embedded issues. The experience of the simulation provides participants opportunities for reflection and feedback of the decisions made during the simulation, thus developing new understandings ofthe situation and potential solutions. The development of a mental model (Daggett, 2014, Senge, et al, 2012) in the simulation exercise can be carried forward to future actions in similar situations as a school leader. Imagine a student with special needs who has just been kicked out of the classroom and sent to the ","cbCaiuNT97ebnWHj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuNT97ebnWHj","pdf",350451,15,"English","# Research Question\n## Review of Literature","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate about simulations in mentoring programs?\",\"answer\":\"The study explores practicing administrators interacting with simulations embedded in an existing mentoring program and reports participants’ perceptions of simulation usefulness.\"},{\"question\":\"How are interactive problem-based simulations expected to help novice leaders?\",\"answer\":\"Simulations provide opportunities to practice solving job-embedded issues, with reflection and feedback supporting new understandings and future action in similar situations.\"},{\"question\":\"In what contexts could these simulations be used beyond the current mentoring program?\",\"answer\":\"The study suggests simulations could be used across a school district for professional development tailored to district needs, and also during internship components of principal preparation programs.\"}]","Using Interactive, Problem-based Simulations in a Mentoring Program for Novice School Leaders | PDF",1792093639,38]