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It uses four focus groups with K-12 teachers (N=16) and pre-service teachers (N=14) to explore teaching needs and priorities. Guided by an ecological model, seven themes are identified across intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels. The findings support developing health educator roles and competencies to strengthen school health improvement and health-promoting school approaches.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/using-focus-group-research-to-assess-health-education-needs-of-pre-service-and-in-service-teachers/592288/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/using-focus-group-research-to-assess-health-education-needs-of-pre-service-and-in-service-teachers/592288.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research approach did the study use to assess health education needs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study used four focus groups with K-12 teachers and pre-service teachers to elicit needs and teaching-related conclusions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the study findings organized?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The results were guided by the ecological model and categorized into seven themes across intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What practical implication does the study emphasize for improving school health?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study reinforces the need to develop health educator roles and competencies and highlights how a health-promoting school approach can improve school-community connectedness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592288,1792110826,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Research Article  \nUsing Focus Group Research to Assess Health Education Needs of Pre-service and In-service Teachers  \nSandra Vamos and Mingming Zhou  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Few studies have been conducted in Canada to investigate the roles, actions and beliefs of health teachers in school health programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore health education teaching and assess related needs among pre-service and in-service teachers in a British Columbia K-12 school system, and to elicit conclusions regarding how to improve health through schools. Methods: K-12 teachers from the participating school district (N = 16) and pre-service teachers from the participating university (N = 14) participated in four focus groups. Results: Guided by the ecological model, seven themes were identified and categorized: (1) Intrapersonal Level (teaching strategies; knowledge/skills; comfort); (2) Interpersonal Level (teaching barriers); and (3) Community Level (health curricula; health programs; role of school). Discussion: Seven themes highlight the issues of school health programs from practitioners’ perspectives, which also correspond with five sources of problems of school health programs classified by the WHO Expert Committee. This study reinforced the need for initial development of health educator roles and competencies to guide actions in school health improvement. Translation to Health Education Practice: The identified sources of problems illustrate the potential role that a health-promoting school approach plays to build school-community connectedness.  \nVamos S, Zhou M. Using focus group research to assess health education needs of pre-service and in-service teachers. Am J Health Educ. 2009;40(4):196-206. This paper was submitted to the Journal on December 8, 2008, revised and accepted for publication on January 31, 2009.  \nBACKGROUND  \nRecognizing the link between health and learning, the World Health Organization’s Global School Health Initiative1 has catalyzed a movement towards creating healthpromoting schools. Although definitions vary among countries, a health-promoting school can be characterized as a school constantly strengthening its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working. Many studies report the importance of school health education programs in promoting health for students and in preventing the adoption of many high-risk behaviours.2-4 Whereas, commitment by practicing teachers is a key cornerstone to promote health education through schools, it has  \nalso been suggested that policy development for in-service training and involvement by parents be implemented.5 Furthermore, teacher preparation programs can influence teachers’ knowledge and perceptions about the importance of health education, their level of comfort teaching health, as well as their intentions to teach health.6  \nCreating Health through the School Setting The Ottawa Charter7 states:  \nHealth is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play and love. Health is created by caring for oneself and others, by being able to make decisions and have control over one’s life.  \nApproximately 60% of Canadians (ages 16 and older) lack the capacity to obtain, understand and act upon health information and services to make appropriate health decisions on their own.8 With Canadian schools currently addressing one-third of the population (children and youth) across the nation,9 they are a potential forum to reach a large number of individuals over  \nSandra Vamos is an assistant professor of health education in the Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1SB Canada; [E-mail: svamos@sfu.ca. Mingming Zhou is](E-mail: svamos@sfu.ca. Mingming Zhou is)[ ](E-mail: svamos@sfu.ca. Mingming Zhou is)a postdoctoral research fellow in the Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1SB Canada.  \n196 American Journal of Health Education—July/August 2","cbCaikaGZogKZZAu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikaGZogKZZAu","pdf",213303,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Creating Health through the School Setting\n# Health Promoting Schools (HPS): A mechanism for prevention\n# Ecological model and levels of influence","[{\"question\":\"What research approach did the study use to assess health education needs?\",\"answer\":\"The study used four focus groups with K-12 teachers and pre-service teachers to elicit needs and teaching-related conclusions.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the study findings organized?\",\"answer\":\"The results were guided by the ecological model and categorized into seven themes across intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels.\"},{\"question\":\"What practical implication does the study emphasize for improving school health?\",\"answer\":\"The study reinforces the need to develop health educator roles and competencies and highlights how a health-promoting school approach can improve school-community connectedness.\"}]","Using Focus Group Research to Assess Health Education Needs of Pre-service and In-service Teachers | PDF",1792074247,28]